NEWZEALAND
3^ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT "^l
In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all,
a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace,
this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it
is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them*
NZS 8409 (2004) (English) : Management of
agrichemicals [By Authority of New Zealand
Environmental Protection Authority Management of
Agrichemicals Code of Practice]
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We will sell to no man,
we will not deny or defer to any man either justice or right.
Magna Carta— Tutohinga Nui
Kore rawa e hoko ki te tangata, e kore e whakakdihoretia,
e tautuku ranei te tangata ki te ture, tika ranei.
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PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
NZS 8409:2004
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STAiMDARDS
NEW Z E A LAND
PA E R EWA AOTEAROA
New Zealand Standard
Management of
Agrichemicals
Superseding NZS 8409:1999
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NZS 8409:2004
PREFACE
NZS 8409:2004 Management of Agrichemicals is approved as a Code of Practice
(No. HSNOCOP 3-1 09-04) pursuant to sections 78 and 79 of the Hazardous Substances and
New Organisms Act. The Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) has delegated the
power to approve Codes of Practice to the Chief Executive of the Authority, and this Code is
approved in accordance with that delegation. It is confirmed that the requirements of sections 78
and 79 have been met.
The Standard is approved as a means of compliance with the requirements of the following:
Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations
Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations
Hazardous Substances (Disposal) Regulations
Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations.
Approval of the Code is also limited to those products and substances covered by the scope of the
Standard in 1.1.1 and taking note of the exclusions listed in 1.1.2.
This Code has been developed by Standards New Zealand and sets out the requirements for the
safe, responsible and effective management of agrichemicals by suppliers, transporters and users
in New Zealand, in particular, it sets out means for meeting the performance requirements for the
management of agrichemicals to achieve compliance with the above listed Hazardous Substances
Regulations.
Notice of approval of this Code has been published in the New Zealand Gazette dated 23
September 2004.
Pursuant to section 80(1 )(a) of the Act, the Code may be inspected on request at the Wellington
office of ERMA New Zealand.
Pursuant to section 80(1 )(b) of the Act, a copy of the Code is available for purchase from
Standards New Zealand (Private Bag 2439, Wellington; website:www.standards.co.nz) at a price
of $129.95 (plus GST).
Approved this 17th day of September 2004.
,v-A^fla^/
Bas Walker
Chief Executive
ERMA New Zealand
This Standard is approved as a Code of Practice under section 28 of the ACVM Act 1997.
NZS 8409:2004
CONTENTS PAGE
Committee representation IFC
Preface 3
Referenced documents 6
Foreword 9
Review of Standard 10
Section
1 INTRODUCTION 11
1.1 Scope 11
1.2 Interpretation 12
1.3 Definitions 12
1.4 Compliance with Legislation 12
2 MANAGEMENT OF AGRICHEMICALS 14
2.1 Scope 14
2.2 Risk Management 14
2.3 Responsibility 14
2.4 Information 14
2.5 Product Information Sources 15
2.6 Documentation and Licensing 17
2.7 Tracking 18
2.8 Competency of Personnel 18
3 LAND TRANSPORT OF AGRICHEMICALS..... 19
3.1 Scope 19
3.2 Responsibility 19
3.3 General Requirements for Agrichemical
Transport ...20
3.4 Transport of Dangerous Goods for Agricultural
Use within Quantity Limits 21
3.5 Transport for Hire or Reward or for Agricultural
Use in Large Quantities 23
3.6 Transport Emergencies 24
3.7 Competency 25
4 STORAGE AND SUPPLY OF AGRICHEMICALS 26
4.1 Scope 26
4.2 Risk Management 26
4.3 Responsibility 28
4.4 Information - Needs and Requirements 29
4.5 Documentation 29
4.6 Competency 31
5 USE OF AGRICHEMICALS 32
5.1 Scope... 32
5.2 Agrichemical Use - Responsibilities 32
5.3 Safe Use of Agricultural Compounds and
Plant Protection Products 34
Contents continued overleaf
NZS 8409:2004
5.4 Safe Use of Veterinary Medicines and Animal
Health Products 38
5.5 Safe Use of Compounds for Agricultural
Produce, Soil or Greenhouse Fumigation 39
5.6 Safe Agricultural Use of Detergents, and
Other Cleaning and Sanitizirig Compounds 40
6 DISPOSAL OF AGRICHEMICALS AND CONTAINERS ... 41
6.1 Scope 41
6.2 Risk Management 41
6.3 Responsibilities 41
6.4 Information ..41
6.5 Safe Practice for Disposal 41
6.6 Documentation 43
6.7 Competency 43
7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT ., 44
7.1 Scope 44
7.2 Risk Management 44
7.3 Responsibility ...44
7.4 Information and Actions in an Emergency 45
7.5 Documentation 47
7.6 Competency 48
Appendix
A Glossary (Normative) 49
B Legislation and Agrichemical Use (Informative) 64
C Agrichemical Use (Informative) 69
D Product Data (Informative) 83
E Agrichemical Poisoning and First Aid (Informative) 89
F Environmental Management (Informative) 94
G Spray Drift Hazard and Weather
Conditions (Informative) 102
H Competency and Training (Informative) 109
J Land Transport of Agrichemicals (Informative) 112
K Emergency Management (Normative) 118
L General Storage Requirements (Normative) 137
M Notification and Signage for Application of
Agrichemicals (Normative) 152
N Adverse Events (Informative) 155
P Personal Protective Equipment (Normative) 160
Q Application Equipment (Normative) 1 68
R Handling and Mixing Agrichemicals (Informative) 185
S Disposal of Agrichemicals and
Containers (Normative) 189
T Internet Resources (Informative) 195
NZS 8409:2004
Table
1 Quantity limits for dangerous goods transported for
domestic or recreational purposes, for use as
tools-of-trade, for agricultural use or for a
commercial purpose, but not transported for hire
or direct reward 21
B1 HSNO regulations summary 66
C1 Hazard classifications for Class 1 ,2,3,4 and 5
substances 71
C2 Hazard classifications for Class 6, 8 and 9
substances 72
C3 Suggested agrichemical use record sheet 82
D1 Hazard classification based on laboratory animal
toxicity data (LD50) 87
D2 HAZCHEM numbers 87
D3 HAZCHEM letters 87
D4 Relationships between schedule heading, hazard
classification and packing group 88
F1 Volatility rating from vapour pressure at 20 to 30 °C
(room temperature) US data 96
G1 Drift hazard guidance chart 104
G2 Buffer zones 107
J1 Segregation of dangerous goods 115
J2 Requirement of fire extinguishers for hazardous
substances 116
J3 Hazardous substance and quantity requiring
control by approved handler 1 1 7
K1 Quantities for different response levels 119
K2 Examples of the quantities requiring an emergency
response plan 123
K3 Sample manifest 125
K4 Secondary containment capacity requirements 129
LI Quantities of hazardous substances that activate
hazardous substance location requirements 140
PI Recommended minimum PPE requirements for
agrichemical use 163
Q1 BCPC nozzle code 169
Q2 Reference nozzles 169
Q3 Measurement of pressure 172
R1 Decontamination agents and use rates for application
equipment 188
SI Plastics resins identification code 194
Figure
J1 Flow chart for the determination of agrichemical
transport requirements when agrichemicals are
dangerous goods 114
K1 Transport accident emergency flow chart 136
NZS 8409:2004
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
New Zealand Standards
NZS 4503:1 993 Code of practice for the distribution, installation
and maintenance of hand operated fire fighting
equipment for use in buildings
NZS 5433:1999 Transport of dangerous goods on land
SNZ HB 76:2003 Dangerous goods- Initial emergency response
guide
Joint Australian/New Zealand Standards
AS/NZS 1 71 5:1 994 Selection, use and maintenance of respiratory
protective devices
AS/NZS 1716:2003 Respiratory protective devices
AS/NZS 2430.3:1 997 Classification of hazardous areas - Examples
of area classification
AS/NZS 3833:1998 The storage and handling of mixed classes of
dangerous goods in packages and intermediate
bulk containers
AS/NZS 4452:1 997 The storage and handling of toxic substances
Other Publications
ACVM, Model for operational procedure: Model 1: The use of
veterinarian and human medicines by non-
veterinarians for research, testing and teaching
purposes (46 ACVM 01/03)
ACVM, Standard for Prescription Animal Remedy Veterinary
Medicines, 2002
ACVM, Standard of Practice for Own Use of Compounds, 5 March
2002
An Approved Code of Practice, Managing Hazards to Prevent Major
Industrial Accidents, OSH Department of
Labour 1994
Code of Practice for Control of Fumigants. Published by Pest
Management Association (info@bsc.org. nz)
Code of Practice for Fertilizer Use, New Zealand Fertilizer
Manufacturers' Research Association 1998,
www.fertresearch.org.nz
Dairy Industry Code of Practice for Detergents and Sanitizers (in
preparation)
Hazard Response Handbook, First Edition 2002
Hazardous Substances Course for Storepersons, NZ Fire Service
Information about Selling, Packing, Hawking and Storing Poisons
Ministry of Health 1997
MAF Standard D105 Milking Animal Health
NZS 8409:2004
Manual of Agrichemical Identification and Emergency Management,
First Edition, July 1997. Published by Agri-
Research Enterprises. Havelock North, N.Z.
New Zealand Agrichemical Manual, Master Edition, 1 999. Published
by Agri-Media
New Zealand Chemical Industry Council Approved Code of Practice
for the Preparation of Safety Data Sheets
New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits for Agricultural Compounds)
Food Standards 2004
Novachem Manual, 2003/2004. Published by Novachem Services
Ltd. Palmerston North, N.Z.
Signage for Premises Storing Hazardous Substances and Dangerous
Goods - Approved Code of Practice under the
HSNO Act 1996 - NZ Chemical Industry
Council 2004
Code of Practice for the Management of Substances Hazardous to
Health in the Place of Work (1997, OSH
Department of Labour)
Standards of Recommendations and Minimum Standards for the
Welfare of Animals. Ministry of Agriculture and
Forestry. Available on the internet: http://
www.maf.govt.nz/animal welfare/
The Approved Code of Practice for Training Operators and Instructors
of Powered Industrial Lift Trucks. OSH
Department of Labour 1995
The Investigation and Surveillance of Agricultural Spraydrift Incidents,
Ministryof Health, June 1998. Available on the
internet: http://www.moh.govt.nz
The New Zealand Index of Veterinary Specialities Annual. Published
by MediMedia (NZ) Ltd. Auckland
The Royal Society of New Zealand Code of Practice for the Use of
Veterinary and Human Medicines in Research,
Testing and Teaching Organizations, http://
www.rsnz.govt.nz/advisory/anzccart
United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous
Goods Model Regulations 13th edition
(UNRTDG)
New Zealand Legislation
Agricultural Compounds & Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 (ACVM)
Animal Products Act 1999
Animal Remedies (Develvetting) Regulations 1994
Animal Welfare Act 1999
Biosecurity Act 1993
Building Act 2004
Civil Aviation Rules (Civil Aviation Act 1990)
Commerce Act 1990
Dairy industry Regulations 1990
Fair Trading Act 1986
Fire Safety and Evacuation of Buildings Regulations 1992
Fire Service Act 1975
Fire Service Regulations 2003
Food Act 1981
NZS 8409:2004
Food (Safety) Regulations 2002
Fumigation Regulations 1967
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (HSNO)
Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls)
Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Disposal) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management)
Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard)
Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Packaging) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances (Tracking) Regulations 2001
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Personnel
Qualifications) Regulations 2001
Health Act 1956
Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992 (HSE)
Health and Safety in Employment (Prescribed Matters)
Regulations 2003
Land Transport Act 1 998
Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods 1999
Local Government Act 2002
New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits for Agricultural
Compounds) Food Standards 2004
Pesticides Regulations 1983
Radiation Protection Act 1965
Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)
Toxic Substances Regulations 1983
Traffic Regulations 1976
Supplement to the NZ Gazette No. 72, 15 June 2004 (Hazardous
Substances (Pesticides) Transfer Notice 2004)
Some legislation has been amended or superseded by other newer
legislation and there are periods of transition e.g. Agricultural
Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 (ACVM) and the
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1 996 (HSNO) repeals
the Animal Remedies Act 1 967, Dangerous Goods Act 1 974, Pesticides
Act 1979, and Toxic Substances Act 1979.
The users of this Standard should ensure that their copies of the
above-mentioned New Zealand Standards or of overseas Standards
approved as suitable for use in New Zealand are the latest revisions
or include the latest amendments. Such amendments are listed in the
annual Standards New Zealand Catalogue which is supplemented by
lists contained in the monthly magazine Standards Update issued
free of charge to committee and subscribing members of Standards
New Zealand.
NZS 8409:2004
FOREWORD
This Standard is a revision of, and supersedes NZS 8409:1999. It
provides practical and specific guidance on the safe, responsible and
effective management of agrichemicals, including plant protection
products (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides), veterinary medicines,
fumigants used in rural situations and agricultural use of detergents
and sanitizers.
Agrichemical use is considered under five headings:
(a) What is the risk from use of agrichemicals?
(b) Where does the responsibility to manage these risks lie?
(c) What information is needed and what actions need to be taken to
manage the risk?
(d) What needs to be recorded or documented?
(e) Is the agrichemical user competent to manage the risks?
An important part of this is the identification of the responsibilities of
the participants in the distribution chain and their need to comply with
controls on their activities. Some participants may fulfil more than one
role, for example a manufacturer may also be a registrant of a product
and a distributor. This includes, in particular, the responsibility on the
registrant to make available certain information on agrichemicals sold
and the responsibility on the user to obtain and use that information.
A number of other changes have been made to earlier editions of this
Standard. New information on emergency preparedness and sale of
agrichemicals has been added and the section on product data
moved to an Appendix. The main changes, however, are due to
the application of the different Hazardous Substances and New
Organisms (HSNO) Regulations.
Most agrichemicals covered by this Standard will be classified as
hazardous substances under the Hazardous Substances (Minimum
Degrees of Hazard) Regulations and, depending on the hazard, may
have a range of controls applied. This Standard provides an approved
means of compliance with the requirements of the HSNO Act and
associated Hazardous Substances Regulations as specified in the
ERMA New Zealand Preface to this Standard.
Conforming to this Standard may also satisfy the requirements of the
Resource Management Act and the resource plans prepared by local
authorities with respect to agrichemical use, and will allow continued
access to this valuable management tool.
NZS 8409:2004
Use of this Standard
The Standard is divided into seven sections:
1. Introduction
2. Management of agrichemicals
3. Land transport of agrichemicals
4. Storage and supply of agrichemicals
5. Use of agrichemicals
6. Disposal of agrichemicals and containers
7. Emergency preparedness and management
A series of either normative or informative Appendices is also included.
A normative Appendix means that it is part of the Standard, so
compliance with the "shall" statements is therefore part of conformance
with the Standard. An informative Appendix provides advice and
supporting information to assist with understanding and conformance
with the Standard, but does notform part of its mandatory requirements.
Thus the term "should" refers to practices which are advised or
recommended.
REVIEW OF STANDARDS
Suggestions for improvement of this Standard will be welcomed.
They should be sent to the Chief Executive, Standards New Zealand,
Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020.
10
NZS 8409:2004
NEW ZEALAND STANDARD
MANAGEMENT OF AGRICHEMICALS
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This Standard sets out the requirements for the safe, responsible and effective management of
agrichemicals by suppliers and users in New Zealand. The risk management approach used for
each of the major activities of transport, storage, use and disposal is described in section 2 of the
Standard. Planning for and dealing with emergencies with respect to agrichemicals is covered in
section 7.
Requirements within this Standard will change as the transfer of substances to the Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act (HSNO) progresses. It is expected this transition will be
completed by July 2006.
1.1.1 Products or substances covered
This Standard applies to:
(a) Agricultural compounds;
(b) Veterinary medicines;
(c) Agrichemicals for home garden, nursery, turf and amenity use;
(d) Fumigants used in an agricultural context; and
(e) Detergents and sanitizers used in an agricultural context, except those excluded under 1 . 1 .2(d).
NOTE-
(1)The term "agricultural context" includes any activity, involving the management of land and water
resources in the production of animals and/or plant crops.
(2) See Appendix A for definitions of the terms agricultural compounds and agrichemicals.
1.1.2 Exclusions
This Standard does not apply to the following:
(a) Fertilizers;
NOTE - Refer to the Code of Practice for Fertilizer Use (see www.fertresearch.org, nz).
(b) Vertebrate pest control products;
(c) Oral nutritional compounds;
(d) Dairy detergents and sanitizers that have been approved under the Dairy Industry Regulations
(1990 or subsequent Animal Products legislation) when used on farms.
NOTE -
(1) An oral nutritional compound is a substance ingested by an animal as feed, or a nutritional preparation
intended for oral administration to an animal to achieve a nutritional benefit.
(2) A dairy industry code of practice specifying dairy detergents and sanitizers is currently being developed
to cover these areas.
11
NZS 8409:2004
1 .1 .3 Target audience
This Standard is intended for all agrichemical users. Compliance with this Standard depends on
the way in which the Standard is referred to or used by industries. In some cases, for example
fumigants and detergents and sanitizers there may be specific Codes of Practice that have
additional requirements to this Standard in which cases users should comply with the industry
Code.
Other organizations that represent major usergroups include suppliers, which includes retail outlets
and distributors, or users, which includes contractors (both ground and aerial) and others who use
agrichemicals in the course of their business (e.g. farmers, growers, foresters, and those in the
nursery, turf and amenity industries).
The responsibilities, in terms of compliance with this Standard, depend on the user category (e.g.
supplier or user) and the hazards associated with the agrichemical being used.
1-2 Interpretation
1.2.1 Compliance
For the purposes of this Standard, the word "shall" refers to practices that are mandatory for
compliance with the Standard. The word "should" refers to practices that are advised or
recommended.
1 .2.2 Layout
The Standard is divided into seven sections. Each section sets out the performance requirements
to be met. Information and guidance to assist in complying with these performance requirements
is provided in a series of appendices.
There are two types of appendices. A "normative" appendix forms an integral part of the body of
a Standard which, for reasons of convenience, is placed after the body of the Standard. An
"informative" appendix is only for information and guidance.
1 .3 Definitions
A list of definitions and abbreviations of terms used in this Standard is given in Appendix A.
1 A Compliance with Legislation
1.4.1 Civilliability
Anyone involved in the management of agrichemicals, whether through transport, storage,
application or disposal, has a responsibility under common law to ensure that their actions do not
cause injury to other people or to the environment. In this respect, negligence is defined as a breach
of legal duty to take all reasonable care to prevent such injury. If negligence can be shown over
any aspect of agrichemical management, it is probable that any individual, business, local
government authority or national government authority would be held responsible and therefore
liable to claims for redress or compensation, or both.
1 .4.2 Cn'minal liability
Principal relevant legislation relevanttothis Standard includes the Hazardous Substances and New
Organisms Act, Resource Management Act, the Health and Safety in Employment Act, the
Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act and the Land Transport Act.
There may also be other legislation that needs to be complied with.
Section (s.) 338 of the Resource Management Act sets out the conditions of offences which could
result in legal action.
12
NZS 8409:2004
Criminal liability accrues under the Health and Safety in Employment Act to those committing an
offence as set out in s. 49 of that Act. Note in particular sections 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 in relation
to duties of employers, and s.19 in relation to duties of employees.
The offence provisions of the HSNO Act are set out in s. 109 of the Act. They include:
(a) The manufacture of any hazardous substance in contravention of the Act;
(b) The development or field testing of a new organism in contravention of the Act;
(c) The importation or release, with knowledge, of a new organism in contravention of the Act;
(d) Failure to comply with controls; and
(e) Wrongly labelling containers.
Offences also relate to handling hazardous substances or new organisms where approvals have
been suspended, and possessing or disposing of hazardous substances or new organisms that
have been imported, manufactured, developed, or released in contravention of the Act.
Courts may require any convicted party to mitigate or remedy adverse effects.
Employers are responsible for the actions of employees, principals forthe authorized actions of their
agents (s. 115); similarly, directors and "person[s] concerned in the management of the body
corporate" face liability where a body corporate is convicted, if it is proved the offence took place
with their authority, they could reasonably have been expected to know the offence was being
committed, and they failed to take reasonable steps to stop it (s. 116).
The available defences are set out ins. 1 1 7 of the Act. Of note is the provision for strict liability,
namely, for many offences it is not necessary to prove that the defendant intended to commit the
offence.
The ACVM Act provides for offences in s. 55. In particular it is an offence to knowingly contravene
any conditions of registration or conditions on exemption of registration.
13
NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 2 MANAGEMENT OF AGRICHEMICALS
2.1 Scope
Section 2 deals with the important principles of good management of agrichemicais. The approach
used, which is followed in each of the following sections of the Standard, is to first consider what
the risks involved are, so that the people responsible for managing those risks can be identified. The
individualwill require certain information, and need to take certain actionstomeettheirresponsibilities,
and part of that will involve documentation procedures. Finally, the individual must be competent
if they are to discharge their responsibilities satisfactorily.
2.2 Risk Management
Suppliers and users shall manage any risks associated with the use of agrichemicais. This includes
risks to human health and safety and the environment (Hazardous Substances and New Organisms
Act (HSNO), Health and Safety in Employment Act (HSE), risks to trade in primary produce, animal
welfare and agricultural security (Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act (ACVM).
Under the Resource Management Act (RMA) there is a duty to avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse
effects on the environment associated with the use of agrichemicais.
NOTE - Appendix B provides a summary of these Acts and of other legislation that directly affects the use
of agrichemicais.
The essential parts of a system to manage any risks include:
(a) Clear allocation of responsibilities;
(b) Accurate and up-to-date information on the characteristics and properties of the agrichemical,
its effects on human health and safety and the environment, and the risks to trade in primary
produce, animal welfare and biosecurity;
(c) Proper documentation;
(d) Adequate education and training of agrichemical users.
2.3 Responsibility
All suppliers and users have a duty to avoid, remedy or mitigate any adverse effect on the
environment arising from the supply or use of agrichemicais. Suppliers and users shall be aware
of the local government rules and requirements in relation to agrichemicais. For any activity related
to the supply or use of agrichemicais, the health of the user, other people and the environment shall
be considered and all reasonable steps taken to avoid risk. Suppliers and users shall prepare
emergency plans according to the quantity and type of agrichemicais and the situation involved
(section 7).
2.4 Information
Suppliers shall provide, and users shall obtain, all the information needed to ensure safe,
responsible and effective management, and use of agrichemicais. Workplace documentation (see
2.5) needs to be readily available within the workplace to any person responsible for managing or
using agrichemicais. The primary responsibility for preparing and supplying the workplace
documentation rests with the agrichemical manufacturer or importer (or supplier) , Ensuring that the
documentation is readily available both within the workplace, provided to purchasers and, on
request, to users shall be the responsibility of the workplace management.
NOTE - Under the HSNO Act there are time limits set on the availability of certain information, e.g. priority
identifiers must be able to be located within 2 seconds. See Appendix C2.
14
NZS 8409:2004
2.4.1 Identification of need
Accurate identification of the weed or pest to be managed is an integral part of properly managed
agrichemical use. Agrichemicals should be used only in response to an identified need. Users shall
comply with industry requirements and agrichemical use programmes that govern the type, and
uses, of agrichemicals with particular animals, crops or situations (see Appendix C).
2.4.2 Hazards
Users shall consider the hazards associated with the agrichemical to be used, as indicated by the
label and other product information (see Appendix D). Users (employees and employers) shall
identify and manage the risks associated with transport, handling and applying agrichemicals so
that no adverse effects occur. See Appendix E for poisoning and first aid information.
Avoiding impacts on the environment, particularly any adverse effects from spray drift, contamination
of water, or disposal of unused agrichemical and agrichemical containers shall be a prime
consideration (see Appendix F and G).
2.4.3 Non-target organisms
Users shall not apply agrichemicals that are ecotoxicto non-target organisms, except in accordance
with the relevant ERMA approvals and the conditions of registration (or exemptions from registration)
imposed under the ACVM Act. This includes any area where bees are foraging, or where any plant
or flower, likely to be visited by bees, is in flower or likely to flower within the period specified on the
label (see F5).
2.4.4 Methods of agrichemical use
Applicators shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that the agrichemicals are used accurately,
and are confined to the target. Target areas shall be accurately identified and quantified, and the
amount of agrichemical and the volume of diluent required shall be accurately calculated based on
that information.
Application methods shall be used which minimize the riskof contamination of any off-target areas.
For spray applications where drift hazard is high, and alternative methods of application or
formulation do not provide an acceptable reduction of the hazard, aghchemicals shall not be
applied (see Appendix G).
2-5 Product Information Sources
2.5.1 Agrichemical product labels
A product label conveys information that is needed to achieve safe, responsible and effective use.
The product label includes any pack inserts.
Agrichemical users shall comply with the requirements of the HSNO Act (risks to human health and
safety and the environment), the HSE Act (risks to human health and safety), and the ACVM Act
(breaches of the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits for Agricultural Compounds) Food
Standards, risks to trade in primary produce, animal welfare and agricultural security) as described
by the directions or requirements on the product label.
In addition, under the ACVM Act users shall comply with conditions imposed on agrichemicals
exempted from registration or on registered agrichemical trade name products.
15
NZS 8409:2004
2.5.2 Safety data sheets (SDS)
The SDS (previously called Material Safety Data Sheet or MSDS) for an agrichemical provides
information on the possible hazards of the agrichemical and how it may be safely moved, used,
disposed of and stored. It contains information on the potential health effects of exposure and how
to work safely with the agrichemical. It also contains hazard information on the use, transport,
storage, handling and emergency procedures related to that agrichemical. The SDS should include
any environmental exposure limit (EEL) or tolerable exposure limit (TEL) set under the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations, (see Appendix D).
A SDS sheet will supplement information from a variety of other sources such as labels and package
inserts.
NOTE -
(1 ) See also the New Zealand Chemical Industry Council Approved Code of Practice for the Preparation of
Safety Data Sheets.
(2) Suppliers are required to make a copy of a PSC or a SDS available to all purchasers of agrichemicals.
(3) The LIN Standard has moved away from the term MSDS and now uses SDS.
2.5.3 Product safety cards (PSC)
A PSC includes information on agrichemicals as hazardous substances as well as dangerous
goods (transport and storage). These cards serve to provide information that has to be provided
as part of the product label, but for which there is insufficient space on the label proper.
NOTE - Suppliers are required to provide stewardship information to all purchasers of agrichemicals- This
should be by means of a PSC or SDS. See Appendix D4.
2.5.4 Dangerous goods declaration (DGD)
Dangerous goods that are being transported are required to be accompanied by documentation
identifying the dangerous goods and the hazard they present to any person, to property or to the
environment. Above certain quantities a DGD is required. A DGD is a document that conveys
information on what is being carried, how it is packaged, the quantity being carried, and contains
a declaration which verifies this information. See section 3.
2.5.5 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act and Agricultural Compounds
and Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Act additional information
Additional specific product information is available on the Environmental Risk Management
Authority and the New Zealand Food Safety Authority websites. This can include use information
that is not required to be placed on the product label. This information includes MRLs and
withholding periods that relate to food standards, which are still required to comply with the ACVM
Act but are not a requirement for the various HSNO regulations.
The HSNO Act and various HSNO regulations provide a framework that takes account of all the
hazardous properties a substance may have and the risks that may therefore arise.
NOTE-
(1) See Appendix B1.5 and C2 for details of the HSNO regulations and classification system.
(2) See Appendix B1 .8 for details of food standards.
(3) Refer to www.erman2.g0vt.nz; www.n2fsa.govt.n2/acvm.
16
NZS 8409:2004
2.6 Documentation and Licensing
There are legislative requirements for documentation including the HSNO Act and various
regulations, and regional plans, prepared by regional authorities under the RMA,
2.6.1 Suppliers
Suppliers shall keep documentation of:
(a) Receipt of goods - The appropriate DGD, where required, for inwards goods;
(b) Handling/storage- A manifest (list) of all products held in store and aSDS or equivalentfor every
product held;
(c) Dispatch - A DGD, where appropriate, for goods dispatched via a Transport Service Operator
(TSO);
(d) Certification and licensing of facilities and equipment, including appropriate licences or
certificates for any facility that is part of agrichemical supply (see 4.3.2.2).
NOTE - Local authorities require suppliers and users to satisfy the relevant rules and requirements of the
respective regional and district plans in relation to agrichemical use including for example, detailed record
keeping.
2.6.2 Users
All agrichemical use events should be accurately recorded in a logbook or noted in a diary (see
Appendix 0). Elements of good record keeping should include:
(a) Spray diary;
(b) Emergency plan;
(c) Storage manifests;
(d) Product use.
According to regulation 5 of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Glasses 6, 8 and 9
Controls) Regulations:
(a) A person in charge of a class 6.1 A, 6.1 B, 6.1 C, 6.6A, 6.7A, 6.8A, 6.9A, 8.2A, or 8.2B substance
shall ensure that a written record of each application of the substance is kept if the application
is in a place where:
(i) members of the public may lawfully be present, or
(ii) the substance is likely to enter air or water and leave the place;
(b) A person in charge of a class 9.1 A, 9.2A, 9.3A, or 9.4A substance shall ensure that a written
record is kept of each application of the substance if 3 kg or more of the substance is applied
within 24 hours in a place where the substance is likely to enter air or water and leave the place.
Specific industry requirements for recording agrichemical applications or use may also apply,
depending on the hazard classification of the agrichemical.
17
NZS 8409:2004
Users shall hold the appropriate licences or test certificates for any agrichemical storage facility.
Under the Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations a hazardous substances
location certificate is required where the amounts of class 2-5 substances stored exceed the set
levels. These certificates, which replace the Dangerous Goods Licence, can be obtained fronn any
appropriate Test Certifier (see www.ermanz.govt.nz for details). Location test certificates are not
required for class 6, 8 or 9 substances, which will include most agrichemicals.
2.7 Tracking
Substances that have Hazard Classifications listed in Schedule 1 of the Hazardous Substances
(Tracking) Regulations 2001 require tracking. Substances which have been assigned the tracking
control can be identified by reference to the product label, PSC or SDS.
Tracking records shall include the identity and quantity of the substance, the location of the
substance, the identity of the approved handler and details of the place to which the substance will
be transferred or the manner of disposal of the substance.
2.8 Competency of Personnel
Suppliers and users of agrichemicals shall be appropriately trained and/or qualified to carry out
their duties and responsibilities. Under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Personnel
Qualifications) Regulations, handlers of some agrichemicals may require certification as an
approved handler. Refer to the product label, product information or supplier.
NOTE - See Appendix H for guidance on appropriate qualification and training programmes.
18
NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 3 LAND TRANSPORT OF AGRICHEMICALS
3.1 Scope
Section 3 explains the requirements for all agrichemical users, whether they are suppliers or users,
when transporting agrichemicals by road. The main risks relate to exposure of people or the
environment to concentrated agrichemicals as a result of spillage, or the effects of one or more
agrichemicals being mixed, from a spillage from their containers.
For transport, the potential danger of the agrichemical is described in terms of a dangerous goods
classification. Dangerous goods are those substances classified as dangerous for transport by the
United Nations (LIN) Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. Dangerous
goods therefore have a UN Number. Hazardous substances are products that exceed the
thresholds specified in the Hazardous Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard) Regulations.
Appendix J1 provides more information on the two hazard classification systems.
NOTE - The term "dangerous goods" is used internationally to describe products that are dangerous for
transport. This replaces the term "hazardous substances" as previously used in NZS 8409:1995 and
NZS 5433:1 988. Hazardous substances now refers to products classified as hazardous under the Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act 1 996. See Appendix J1 .
3.2 Responsibility
Everyone transporting agrichemicals on land shall comply with the relevant requirements of Land
Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods 1999 (the Dangerous Goods Rule). Employers shall be
responsible for ensuring that all employees comply with the Dangerous Goods Rule. Additionally,
everyone shall comply with their relevant responsibilities as required by the HSNO Act 1 996 and
Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992.
3.2.1 Transport of agrichemicals according to tfieir nature, purpose for transport and quantity
The Dangerous Goods Rule applies to everyone involved in the transport of dangerous goods, but
the requirements vary according to the nature of the goods, the purpose for transport and the
quantity. When agrichemicals are transported, the driver and all other parties involved in handling
the goods is responsible for complying with the Dangerous Goods Rule and the HSNO Act. See
Appendix J2 and figure J1 to establish specific responsibilities.
The Dangerous Goods Rule does not apply to agrichemicals that are not classified as dangerous
goods for transport. However, they may still be subject to controls under the HSNO Act (e.g.
approved handler, tracking). Clause 3.3 applies to all agrichemicals whether they are classified as
dangerous goods for transport or not.
The purpose for which dangerous goods are transported is taken into account in the Dangerous
Goods Rule. Agrichemicals transported for use as tools-of-trade, for agricultural use or for a
commercial purpose, but not for hire or direct reward are eligible for some dispensation of controls
in the Dangerous Goods Rule. Clause 3.4 explains requirements for dangerous goods carried for
agricultural use.
Quantity limits apply to dangerous goods carried for agricultural use. More stringent controls apply
when the quantity of agrichemicals exceeds the quantity limits. Clause 3.5 applies to transport of
agrichemicals in large quantities.
3.2.2 Transport of agricliemicals for iiire or direct reward
All dangerous goods transported for hire or direct reward are required to comply with the Dangerous
Goods Rule. The requirements of the Dangerous Goods Rule are summarized in 3.5. See the
Dangerous Goods Rule for more information.
19
NZS 8409:2004
3.2.3 Responsibility to supply emergency information
The person selling or supplying agrichemicals is responsible for supplying Emergency Response
Information under the Dangerous Goods Rule and level 1 and level 2 emergency management
information under the HSNO Act (see 3.6.2). When emergency response plans are required for
level 3 emergency management, it is the responsibility of the person in charge of a place (including
a vehicle) to ensure the requirement for emergency response plans are met.
Table K1 in Appendix K shows the quantities of hazardous substances that require different levels
of emergency management under the HSNO Act regime.
3.2.4 Transport accidents
It shall be the responsibility of the person(s) transporting agrichemicals to be aware of suitable
procedures to be followed in the event of an accident. Generic emergency plans for a breakdown
or spillage during transport are provided in Appendix K8.
3-3 General Requirements for Agrichemical Transport
3.3.1 General
Section 3.3 applies to everyone who transports agrichemicals (users and suppliers) and to all
agrichemicals whether they are classified as dangerous goods for transport or not.
3.3.2 Load protection
The agrichemical load shall at all times be well protected from water and other atmospheric and
ambient conditions such as heat and sunlight.
3.3.3 Safe loading
All agrichemicals shall be securely loaded so that they remain in position and do not spill orfall from
the vehicle, despite normal movement during transport. It is recommended that a spill kit is carried
to enable effective management of any spillage.
3.3.4 Food
Food, food packaging material and food containers shall not be carried with any agrichemicals that
have toxic or corrosive properties, unless segregated from the agrichemicals (see Appendix J3).
3.3.5 Security
All agrichemicals being transported shall be secured at all times to prevent unauthorized access.
3.3.6 Loading and unloading
All care shall be taken during loading and unloading of the agrichemicals to prevent damage to the
container, spillage of the contents or contamination of people, animals or the environment.
3.3.7 HSNO requirements
Users and suppliers of agrichemicals that exceed the thresholds set out in the Hazardous
Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard) Regulations are required to comply with HSNO controls.
This includes requirements for packaging, identification, emergency preparedness, tracking and
approved handlercertificates according to the classification and quantity of the particular agrichemical.
This information is generally available in the documentation supplied with the product (SDS or
PSC).
20
NZS 8409:2004
3-4 Transport of Dangerous Goods for Agricultural Use within Quantity
Limits
3.4.1 General
Section 3.4 applies where the agrichemicals are being transported for agricultural use (as tools-of-
trade, but not for hire or direct reward) and the quantity is within the limits specified in Schedule 1
of the Dangerous Goods Rule. (Loads of agrichemicals that are in excess of the quantity limits shall
be transported as described in 3.5 of this Standard.) This will apply to most users of agrichemicals
including contractors and farmers, and will also apply to suppliers' representatives, provided they
do not charge for transporting the goods and they are within the quantity limits. (See the extract
from Schedule 1 in table 1).
3.4.2 Agricultural use quantity limits
The quantity limits for dangerous goods commonly transported for agricultural use, according to
Class and packing group, are shown in table 1 . This is an extract from Schedule 1 of the Dangerous
Goods Rule.
Table 1 - Quantity limits for dangerous goods transported for domestic or
recreational purposes, for use as tools-of-trade, for agricultural use or for a
commercial purpose, but not transported for hire or direct reward
Class or
division
Class or division name
Packing
group
Maximum quantity
3
Flammable liquids
1
5 litres
II or III
250 litres
5.1
6.1
8
9
Oxidizing substances
Toxic substances
Corrosive substances
Miscellaneous dangerous goods
1
5 kg (solids, powders, etc.); or
5 litres (liquids)
II
50 kg (solids, powders, etc.); or
50 litres (liquids)
III
250 kg (solids, powders, etc.); or
250 litres (liquids)
Mixed
loads
The maximum quantity for a mixed load is an aggregate amount of 500, using the
following units: kilograms (solids, powders, etc. including the weight of the packaging),
litres (liquids), litres water capacity (gases).
The maximum quantity for a mixed load is exceeded if the quantity for any Class or
division in the load exceeds the limit specified for that Class or division.
NOTE-
(1) Limits for other Classes of dangerous goods are set out in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule.
(2) See Appendix J1 .4 for explanation of packing groups.
21
NZS 8409:2004
3.4.3 Packaging
All agrichemicals being transported shall be in undamaged, original packaging. Packaging tiiat lias
been opened shall have the lid securely closed so that the contents do not leak. A leaking container
shall not be transported. If leaking or damaged containers of agrichemicals require transport they
shall be re-packaged in appropriate, undamaged packaging or be placed in salvage packaging.
3.4.4 Labelling and marking
The outer packaging of agrichemicals that are dangerous goods being transported shall be clearly
identified with the appropriate dangerous goods Class labels, the proper shipping name and UN
number. Dangerous goods Class labels are specified in NZS 5433. All other agrichemicals shall
have the common or trade name clearly visible on the packaging.
3.4.5 Transport documents
Invoices detailing the agrichemicals being transported should be carried in the vehicle cab at all
times during transport. Such invoices relating to the load of agrichemicals shall be removed from
the vehicle when the agrichemicals are unloaded.
NOTE - Dangerous goods declarations (DGDs) are not required for agrichemicals transported for agricultural
use, within the quantity limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule (see table 1). Although there is
dispensation for DGDs, emergency response information must always be carried for all the dangerous goods
in the load (see 3.4.8).
3.4.6 Segregation
Agrichemicals that are known to react dangerously with one another or with other chemicals or
substances shall be segregated (kept apart) as much as possible during transport. Food of any
description and toxic or corrosive agrichemicals should not be carried on the same vehicle unless
they are in separate compartments of the vehicle. When agrichemicals transported for agricultural
purposes are within the quantity limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule (see table 1),
it is not mandatory to comply with the segregation requirements in Appendix J3. However, it is
strongly recommended that the segregation requirements be complied with as closely as possible.
3.4.7 Placarding
No dangerous goods placards are required on a vehicle carrying agrichemicals for agricultural use
provided the agrichemicals are within the quantity limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule
(see table 1). If quantities exceed the limits in Schedule 1, then placards must be displayed as
described in 3.5.7.
3.4.8 Transport procedures
All agrichemicals shall be loaded, segregated, secured, transported and unloaded safely to
minimize risk to the community or environment. The vehicle shall be suitable for the load and there
shall be nothing in the load space that could damage packaging or contaminate its contents. When
flammable products are transported, fire extinguishers shall be carried on the vehicle in accordance
with HSNO regulations (see Appendix J4). During the transport of agrichemicals that trigger the
requirement for an approved handler certificate under the HSNO Act (see Appendix J5), the vehicle
must not be left unattended, unless the agrichemicals are secured in a locked compartment.
Emergency response information (which identifies the agrichemicals, their hazards and what to do
in an emergency) shall be carried for all dangerous goods loaded on the vehicle (see 3.6.2).
22
NZS 8409:2004
3-5 Transport for Hire or Reward or for Agricultural Use in Large
Quantities
3.5.1 Genera!
This section applies to transport of any quantity of dangerous goods by licensed transport service
operators (for liire or reward), and to suppliers and users wlio transport dangerous goods for
agricultural use in quantities greater tlian tiie maximum quantities listed in Schedule 1 of the
Dangerous Goods Rule (see table 1).
3.5.2 Quantity limits
There are no maximum quantity limits that apply to dangerous goods transported in accordance
with this section, but the full requirements of the Dangerous Goods Rule and NZS 5433 shall be
followed.
3.5.3 Packaging
Packaging shall be appropriate for the nature and quantity of the agrichemicals and shall be
sufficiently robust for it to remain intact for all normal transport conditions. Packaging shall be as
prescribed in NZS 5433, the Hazardous Substances (Packaging) Regulations, or as approved by
the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA).
3.5.4 Labelling and marking
Agrichemicals transported on land shall be appropriately, visibly and durably labelled and marked
to identify the hazard they present. Irrelevant or misleading labels shall be removed from the
packaging before transport.
Outer packaging or sole packaging shall be identified with Class labels, the proper shipping name
and UN number. Labels shall be as prescribed in NZS 5433.
Any inner packaging shall be labelled in accordance with the Hazardous Substances (Identification)
Regulations.
3.5.5 Transport documents
Agrichemicals transported on land for agricultural use in quantities above those listed in table 1 or
for hire and reward shall be accompanied by transport documents, including a Dangerous Goods
Declaration (DGD). The DGD contains information that identifies the agrichemicals, their hazards
and the quantity loaded on the vehicle. Documents shall comply with section 5 of the Dangerous
Goods Rule, be carried in a holder on the driver's door and be passed to the next person responsible
for the agrichemicals when they are delivered. In addition to the DGD, Emergency Response
Information must always be carried for all the dangerous goods in the load (see 3.6.2).
3.5.6 Segregation
Agrichemicals transported on land shall be segregated from other dangerous goods with which
they might react and from any food item they may contaminate in accordance with the Dangerous
Goods Rule. Appendix J3 shows the segregation requirements that apply when dangerous goods
are transported for hire or direct reward or when the quantity transported for agricultural purposes
is greater than the limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule.
3.5.7 Placarding
Vehicles transporting more than 50 litres/kg of agrichemicals that are classified as dangerous
goods shall display placards identifying the Class of dangerous goods in accordance with the
Dangerous Goods Rule. This applies to users and suppliers transporting dangerous goods for hire
or direct reward and also when transporting dangerous goods for agricultural purposes, if the
quantities exceed the limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule. Placards shall be as
prescribed in NZS 5433.
23
NZS 8409:2004
3.5,8 Transport procedures
All agrichemicals shall be loaded, segregated, secured, transported and unloaded safely to
minimize risk to the community or environment. All of the provisions set out in 3.4.8 apply; including
the HSNO requirements for fire extinguishers and security of agrichemicals that must be under the
control of an approved handler (see Appendices J4 and J5).
The Dangerous Goods Rule which includes requirements relating to vehicle suitability and
maintenance, emergency equipment, parking while goods are in transit, load security, emergency
response information and stopping at railway level crossings shall apply. These requirements
apply to transport for hire and reward or for agricultural use in quantities above those listed table 1 .
3.6 Transport Emergencies
3.6.1 General
All people involved in handling, storing, transporting or using agrichemicals shall have appropriate
plans to deal with emergencies. Emergency response information is needed to deal with
emergencies that have arisen. Emergency management involves planning for emergencies before
they occur (see 7.4).
3.6.2 Emergency response information
Emergency response information (which identifies the agrichemicals, their hazards and what to do
in an emergency) shall be carried in the cab of the vehicle when agrichemicals that are classified
as dangerous goods are being transported. Emergency response information can be provided in
a number of ways, such as a Product Safety Card (PSC) or Emergency Procedure Guide (see
Appendix K8). When a DGD is required for transport (see 3.5.5), emergency response information
may be included in or attached to that document.
Suppliers shall be responsible for providing emergency response information to all people who
transport dangerous goods, either as tools-of-trade or for hire or direct reward. See Appendix K8.1 .
3.6.3 Emergency management
Different levels of information or emergency plans are necessary depending on the quantity of
hazardous substances held in a place, including on a vehicle (See table K1 ). For transport on land,
it is not necessary to comply with HSNO Level 1 emergency management if the agrichemicals are
labelled and marked in accordance with the Dangerous Goods Rule. Similarly, it is not necessary
to comply with HSNO Level 2 emergency management for transport on land if documents are
carried to comply with the Dangerous Goods Rule. Level 3 emergency management under the
HSNO Act requires emergency response plans that describe the actions to be taken and identify
the people responsible for those actions for any reasonably likely emergency (see Appendix K5).
The Level 3 emergency response plan can be combined with other emergency documentation,
such as the emergency response information required for transport on land.
3.6.4 Driver instruction
Adequate instruction shall be given to all drivers on the procedures to follow in the event of a spill,
fire, crash or other emergency during transport. This can be combined with a Health and Safety
Management plan under the HSE Act.
24
NZS 8409:2004
3-7 Competency
Every person or organization involved in any aspect of the transport of agrichemicals shall be able
to demonstrate knowledge of the hazards associated with the agrichemicals, safe transport
practices and emergency procedures, and shall ensure that their knowledge is current.
The driver shall have a current dangerous goods endorsement on his/her driver's licence if
transporting dangerous goods for agricultural use where the quantities carried exceed those given
In table 1 or if transporting dangerous goods for hire and reward. The person in charge of
agrichemicals must have an approved handler certificate to comply with the HSNO Act when
transporting the quantities listed in table J4, subject to any control variations applied by ERMA.
However, this does not apply during transport if the driver has a current dangerous goods
endorsement on his/her driver's licence.
NOTE - The driver licence endorsement is not an acceptable alternative for an approved handler certificate
for transport of explosives or dangerous goods carried in a tank wagon. (See table J4 for quantities of
substances that must be under the control of an approved handler subject to any control variations applied
by ERMA.)
25
NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 4 STORAGE AND SUPPLY OF AGRICHEMICALS
4.1 Scope
This section sets out requirements and recommendations for the safe storage, handling and supply
by suppliers and users of packaged agrichemicals that are hazardous substances and /or
dangerous goods. Agrichemicals classified as hazardous substances under the Hazardous
Substances (Classification) Regulations will be subject to the controls applied under the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations and the Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8
and 9 Controls) Regulations, according to the hazards associated with the substance.
A retail outlet includes any area where the agrichemicals are received, stored and displayed on
shelves prior to being sold.
4.2 Risk Management
4.2.1 General
Suppliers and users shall manage any risks associated with the storage of agrichemicals to protect
people, property, animals and the environment. This includes risks to human health and safety and
the environment underthe Resource Management Act (RMA), the Hazardous Substances and New
Organisms Act (HSNO) and the Health and Safety in Employment Act (HSE), and risks to trade in
primary produce, animal welfare and biosecurity underthe Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary
Medicines Act (ACVM).
Under the RMA there is a duty for suppliers and users to avoid, mitigate or remedy adverse effects
on the environment associated with the storage of hazardous substances. Agrichemical storage
facilities may require RMA consent from territorial or regional authorities and, this may include
assessment under their Hazardous Facilities Screening Procedure (HFSP) rules in district or
regional plans, where these apply, for example, if there are significant water and cross-boundary
contamination issues, and significant quantities of restricted hazardous substances are to be
stored.
The risk management principles that follow apply to all agrichemical stores. The specific
requirements will depend on the quantities and type of agrichemicals stored and the purpose for
which they are stored.
Agrichemicals that require management by an approved handler shall only be accessible to
approved handlers or to persons who are being guided by or assisted by an approved handler.
NOTE-
(1) Appendix J, table J3 provides a guide to significant quantities based on hazard.
(2) Appendix B provides a summary of Acts referred to and of other legislation that directly affects the storage
of agrichemicals.
4.2.2 Suitability of the store
The essential parts of an effective storage system for suppliers and users to manage any risks are
outlined below. All of these require detailed knowledge of the specific products stored and used.
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) or Product Safety Cards (PSC) will include the required information.
Storage requirements are set out in Appendix L.
4.2.2.1 Location
Agrichemical storage buildings shall be sited so that the risk of contamination of people, crops,
animals and the environment is minimized. Separation distances from other buildings, boundaries,
watercourses, bores and drains shall be determined prior to building new storage facilities (see
26
NZS 8409:2004
Appendix K). Suppliers and users shall take account of the zone allowances under their local
authority and any zoning and/or regional rule restrictions provided in local authority plans.
NOTE - New storage facilities for hazardous substances may require resource consent.
4.2.2.2 Specifications
Agrichennicals shall be stored only in buildings and places suitable for the purpose taking into
account:
(a) Fire protection;
(b) Announts of agrichemicals stored;
(c) Fire extinguishers;
(d) Moisture control;
(e) Ventilation;
(f) Spill containment;
(g) Access to the store (security);
(h) Signage and placarding.
See Appendix L3 (suppliers) and Appendix L4 (users) for further details.
NOTE-
(1 ) Unsuitable storage areas include private dwellings, pump sheds and any area that cannot be locked and
secured.
(2) Agrichemical storage buildings may also be required to meet local authority requirements and building
consents.
(3) Under the Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations test certificates may be required
for premises storing flammable or oxidizing agrichemicals (classes 2 to 5) (see 2.6.2).
4.2.2.3 Temporary storage sites for users
Temporary storage sites shall comply with the requirements of a permanent storage site. See
Appendix L3.4.
NOTE -
(1 ) A transit depot, where agrichemicals are held in unopened containers for a maximum of 3 days, is not a
temporary storage site.
(2) A temporary storage site is one where agrichemicals are held for periods longer than 24 hours without
supervision, for example during a large agrichemical application task.
4.2.2.4 Signage and placarding
The Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations include specific requirements of signs
according to the hazard classification of the substance. See Appendix L4.4. 1 1 for details of signs,
or the New Zealand Chemical Industry Council (NZCIC) HSNO Code of Practice for Signage for
premises storing hazardous substances and dangerous goods for storage areas.
Placards shall be used on outside walls of defined storage areas. The minimum placarding
required is HAZCHEM 2WE Agrichemicals (see Appendix D7). All placards shall be fixed so that
they are clearly visible for all normal lines of approach. Additional placarding may be required,
according to the amount and hazard of the substance being stored.
27
NZS 8409:2004
4.2.3 Store Management
4.2.3.1 Access and approved handlers
At all times, agrichemical storage areas shall be managed in such a way that they are inaccessible
to children and other unauthorized persons.
Agrichemicals that require management by an approved handler shall only be accessible to
approved handlers or to persons who are under the guidance of an approved handler (and an
Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) approved compliance plan is in place).
4.2.3.2 Separation and segregation
Appropriate separation and segregation strategies shall be developed and maintained forthe store
(see Appendix L3.8.2).
4.2.3.3 Tracking
Agrichemicals that require tracking shall be managed by an approved handler. Referto the product
label, SDS, or PSC (where available).
NOTE - The Hazardous Substances (Tracking) Regulations, Schedule 1 set out the classifications of
substances requiring tracking. Refer to the SDS or PSC for information on specific agrichemicals in terms
of the need for tracking and the requirements relating to approved handlers.
4.3 Responsibility
4.3.1 General
All suppliers, retailers and users have a duty to avoid, mitigate or remedy any adverse effect on
people, property or environment arising from the storage of agrichemicals including:
(a) Safe handling practices and the safety of property and other persons;
(b) Appropriate information, documentation and record keeping;
(c) Staff training;
(d) OSH and ACC requirements;
(e) Emergency procedure planning and the provision of safety information;
(f) Maintenance of safe storage areas (housekeeping).
NOTE - Refer to AS/NZS 3833 for details of the requirements and recommendations for the storage and
supply of agrichemicals by suppliers and retailers.
4.3.2 Suppliers
4,3.2.1 Packaging
Suppliers shall ensure that packaging maintains its integrity throughout all stages of manufacture,
transport, storage, retail and use. All agrichemical packaging is required to meet the Hazardous
Substances (Packaging Regulations). It may also be required to meet the requirements of the
United Nations (UN) Packaging Codes. Refer to Appendix J1.4.
NOTE - Refer to specific product information (e.g. PSC) to determine requirements.
28
NZS 8409:2004
4.3.2.2 Certification
Any licences, consents or permits to operate the store shall be acquired, including:
(a) Building Warrants of Fitness;
(b) Poisons Licence for selling, hawking, packing;
(c) Dangerous Goods Licence;
(d) Hazardous Substance Location Test Certificate (HSNO);
(e) Resource consent.
4.3.3 Users
4.3.3.1 Packaging
Users shall ensure that agrichemicals are kept in appropriate packaging and remain properly
labelled. See Appendix L3.8.1.
4.3.3.2 Certification
Any licences, consents or permits shall be acquired to operate the store including:
(a) Building Warrants of Fitness;
(b) Dangerous Goods Licence;
(c) Location Test Certification;
(d) Resource consents.
NOTE - For most user stores, such certification is expected to be minimal.
4-4 Information - Needs and Requirements
The supplier (including the retailer) shall provide, and users shall obtain, product information
which includes details on safe storage requirements for each substance stored. See 2.4 and
Appendix D.
NOTE-
(1 ) The Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations require the information to be available in a printed
form within 10 minutes on request. A product label may be sufficient in some situations. See
Appendix C2.2.
(2) Product information shall be provided to employees, and in a form they can understand.
4.5 Documentation
See Appendix L4.4.3forfurther details on documentation, or Appendix K for emergency responses. >^
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NZS 8409:2004
4.5.1 Supplier
Suppliers shall produce, hold and offer documentation specific to each agrichemical stored or
supplied. The documentation shall include:
(a) SDSs;
(b) PSC where available;
(c) Dangerous Goods Declaration (DGD) when required;
(d) Emergency Response Information.
NOTE -The Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations specify documentation requirements for the
sale or supply of some substances according to their hazard classification. This documentation must be
available within 10 minutes on request.. See Appendix C2.2.
4.5.1.1 Agrichemicals storage register
A record of agrichemicals shall be held and maintained including:
(a) Approved handler identity (if relevant);
(b) Hazard classification;
(c) Specific identity details;
(d) Date received;
(e) Quantity stored;
(f) Storage location;
(g) If disposed of - how and when.
Records shall be maintained for at least 1 2 months. Where tracked substances are disposed of,
records shall be kept for three years.
The storage register shall be located in a safe position away from agrichemical storage.
All storage registers shall be immediately available to the emergency services in the event of an
emergency.
4.5.1.2 Restricted sales
The supplier shall hold and maintain a record of sales of Schedule 1 and 2 Deadly and Dangerous
Poisons including wholesale activities. Details of the 'commercial user' purchases shall be kept in
a secure place for at least three years after the date of the last entry.
NOTE - This requirement will cease following the transfer of products into the HSNO Act regime and will be
replaced by requirements to track these substances (see 2.7 and 4.2.3.3).
4.5.1 .3 Prescription animal remedies (PARs), Veterinary medicines
The supplier shall hold and maintain records of PARs sold, and to whom, in accordance with the
ACVM Standard for Prescription Animal Remedy Veterinary Medicines.
NOTE - PAR substances may only be supplied on prescription.
30
NZS 8409:2004
4.5.1 .4 Accident register
A record shall be kept of significant spills and accidents (see Appendix N).
Users should notify the respective local authority in the event of any accidental spillage or
unintended introduction of agrichemical into the environment (and any actions taken). Significant
spills that enter waterways, stormwater drains, or unsealed ground shall be reported to local
authorities.
NOTE - Incidents involving serious harm to people are required to be reported to OSH. Refer to Appendix K.
4.5.1.5 Fire Service requirements
An emergency services list (manifest) of the types, quantities and locations of stored agrichemicals
requiring an approved handler shall be prepared and provided to the New Zealand Fire Service.
Duplicate copies shall be kept where they are easily accessible in the store and off-site in the
possession of the approved handler (see section 7 and Appendix K).
NOTE - Check local Fire Service requirements.
4.5.2 User
Users shall acquire and hold documentation specific to each agrichemical stored. In addition to the
product label, the documentation shall include:
(a) SDSs;
(b) PSC where available;
(c) DGD when required;
(d) Emergency Response Information.
4.6 Competency
All persons involved in the handling and storage of agrichemicals shall be suitably trained and/or
qualified.
NOTE - See Appendix H for guidance on suitable training courses.
4.6.1 Supplier
At least one approved handler shall be placed in charge of the security and tracking requirements
of agrichemicals that require approved handlers. The supplier shall ensure that the agrichemicals
that require approved handlers are only supplied to users with approved handler certification (see
Appendix H).
4.6.1 .1 Trained store staff
People owning or managing agrichemical facility stores shall have appropriate information on the
agrichemicals stored, and be familiar with their hazard characteristics. (See 2.4.)
Approved handler qualifications are required for managing specific agrichemicals. Refer to label,
product information or the supplier (retailer).
The quantities of substances that must be under the control of an approved handler are set out in
Appendix J5 and in the variations set out in the Supplement to the NZ Gazette No. 72, 2004.
NOTE - Refer to product information sources to determine the class of the substance.
4.6.2 User
Users shall ensure that they hold approved handler certification when storing agrichemicals that
require this competency (see 4.6).
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NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 5 USE OF AGRICHEMICALS
5-1 Scope
Any hazard to people or the environment from agrichemical use can be managed by eliminating,
isolating, or minimizirig the hazard. Responsibilities for the various tasks in agrichemical use must
be clearly allocated and the people carrying out the required tasks must be competent to do so. In
many cases written records must be kept.
In this section, agrichemicals are broken into four categories:
(a) Agricultural compounds and plant protection products (e.g. herbicides, insecticides and
fungicides) (see 5.3);
(b) Veterinary medicines and animal health products (e.g. dips and drenches) (see 5.4);
(c) Fumigants used on farms (including orchards and horticultural areas) (see 5.5);
(d) Detergents and sanitizing agents (see 5.6).
The particular issues are safe handling and mixing practices, and safe use of agrichemicals.
Use of some agrichemicals (including transport) requires the user to be certified as an approved
handler (under Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Personnel Qualifications) Regulations).
In some instances, product tracking is required. Refer to product label information or the supplier.
5.2 Agrichemical Use - Responsibilities
A summary of the various Acts and of other legislation that directly affect the use of all agrichemicals
is provided in Appendix B,
NOTE - These responsibilities are intended to cover all agrichemicals.
5.2.1 Risk management
Suppliers and users shall manage any risks associated with the use of agrichemicals. This includes
risks to human health and the environment under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms
Act 1 996 (HSNO) and the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1 992 (HSE), and risks to trade in
primary produce, animal welfare and agricultural security under the Agricultural Compounds and
Veterinary Medicines Act 1 997 (ACVM). Under the Resource Management Act 1 991 (RMA) there
is a duty to avoid, remedy or mitigate adverse effects on the environment associated with the use
of agrichemicals.
5.2.2 Personal protection equipment (PPE)
At all times during agrichemical mixing, use, application or administration, and disposal stages,
users shall minimize personal exposure (oral, dermal, and respiratory), by using appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as specified on the product label, Product Safety Card (PSC)
or other information source (see Appendix P).
5.2.3 Users
The agrichemical user shall obtain from the supplier all the information needed to enable the safe
use of the product, safe transport including vehicle placarding and segregation (see section 3) and
maintain an appropriate recording system (e.g. tracked substances). Local authorities may also
require specific records to be kept.
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NZS 8409:2004
Users of an agrichemical shall be responsible for taking note of the information provided and taking
appropriate action to manage the risks, applying the advice in the PSC (or equivalent) provided (see
Appendix D).
Various tasks in agrichemical use are identified below. In some cases, separate people may carry
out these tasks, for example, the owner or operator of a contracting business versus an employee.
In these cases, the contractor (owner or operator) shall accept responsibility for each task unless
other arrangements have been made and documented. In cases where the same person carries
out all of the tasks (e.g. a farmer or grower) that person shall also accept responsibility for each of
the tasks.
The user shall be responsible for minimizing potential risks to themselves, employees, the public,
animals and the environment and shall be responsible for:
(a) Confirming that the product is registered (or specifically exempt from registration) under the
ACVM Act and noting the conditions of registration that must be complied with;
(b) Provision, use and maintenance of PRE, including protective clothing; ensuring that those
engaged in the application or administration of agrichemicals, are competent in the use of such
equipment (see Appendices P and Q);
(c) Suitable procedures to ensure adequate notification of the intention to undertake agrichemical
application where that is required (see Appendix M);
(d) Proper procedures and contingency plans to handle adverse events, including accidental
spillage, first aid emergencies, adverse event forms (veterinarians and licensees), and the
receiving and handling of complaints arising from the application of agrichemicals (see
Appendix N);
(e) Proper storage and disposal of used containers. Where the client retains agrichemical
containers, the client should be advised of their responsibility for proper disposal (see section
6);
(f) Notwithstanding instructions from a client, ensuring that work does not infringe any statute,
regulation or delegated legislation, and that all necessary licences, accreditation and approvals
for the intended use are valid and current (see Appendix B);
(g) Appropriate medical tests, where organophosphates and carbamates are used, to monitor
exposure to agrichemicals before, and during a spray season (see Appendix E);
(h) The conduct of all on-site operations, including any emergency procedures and contingency
plans;
(i) Decisions on the continuation or cessation of field operations, including stopping the operation
if:
(i) Persons not involved in the operation become exposed to the agrichemical being used or
(ii) Any spray drift from the agrichemical application becomes a risk to vegetation, animals,
people or property outside the target area (see Appendix G);
(j) Calibration of equipment (see Appendix Q);
(k) Ensuring that no unauthorized people are in the application (target) area;
33
NZS 8409:2004
(I) Accurate identification of the target and care that agrichemicals are used only in accordance
with the product label (see 2.5.1 and Appendix C);
(m) Proper identification, accurate measuring and mixing of the agrichemical to be applied or
administered, and for the safe and efficient delivery of the mixed agrichemical into the
application equipment;
(n) Safe and efficient conduct of operations at the mixing and/or loading site (see Appendix R);
(o) All relevant local authority plans (e.g. air, water, soil) have been checked to ensure the use will
comply with any rules and any necessary resource consents are obtained.
5.2.4 Non-target areas
The Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations provide for the setting of
TELs and EELs. These limits represent the maximum concentration of a substance, (or a
component of a substance) that presents a low risk of toxic effect to people (TEL) or adverse
environmental effects to organisms in non target areas (EEL). See Appendix G.
5.2.5 The employer
The Health and Safety in Employment Act and Regulations set out the duties of employers and
employees to ensure safety in the workplace.
Those employi ng staff or hiring a contractor shall take all practicable steps to ensure that they, their
employees or contractors are not harmed while carrying out the work they are engaged to do. This
includes informing contractors (operators) about any hazards specific to their farm or place of work
that the contractor could not reasonably be expected to be aware of (e.g. wires or cables that may
present a hazard to aerial operators).
5.2.6 Employees and the self-employed
Employees and those self-employed, while they are at work shall take all practicable steps to
ensure their own safety and the safety of others.
5-3 Safe Use of Agricultural Compounds and Plant Protection Products
Section 5.3 sets out the elements of safe use for agricultural compounds and plant protection
products including products for turf, amenity and home garden use, and all herbicides, insecticides
and fungicides.
NOTE - For veterinarian medicines and animal health products see 5.4.
5.3,1 Notification of use
Any person who is likely to be directly affected (Appendix M2.2) by the application of agrichemicals
has a right to information about the operation. The owner or occupier of the property on which the
spraying is to take place shall inform, at intervals of no more than once a year, any person who is
likely to be directly affected by the application, that a spray plan (see Appendix M4) has been
prepared and is available on request. More or less frequent information may be provided where
mutually acceptable arrangements have been agreed to, and recorded on the spray plan.
Notification shall also be in accordance with any regulatory requirements of the local authority.
NOTE - This may include local authority requirements for air quality and discharges into air, and other
regulatory requirements.
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NZS 8409:2004
5.3.1 .1 Public place and amenity use
For public places and amenity areas, notice of spray application shall be given by:
(a) Prior notice in local newspapers or door-to-door advice; and
(b) On-site signage; and
(c) Signage on application equipment.
Prior notification should also be given, and suitable signage used, where agrichemicals are being
applied close to, or adjoining private dwellings, schools or playing fields and reserves. Signs should
be left out for the term of the non re-entry period (where specified) for the agrichemical used (refer
to Appendix M).
5.3.1.2 Bees
Where agrichemical application is likely to directly affect bee keeping or plants in flower, prior
notification shall be given to any party likely to be affected (see 2.4.3).
NOTE - Refer to specific product labels for details.
5.3.1.3 Greenhouses
Where agrichemical application may affect greenhouses crops, reasonable attempts should be
made to ensure that prior notification shall be given to any party likely to be affected.
5.3.2 l-landling and mixing agn'cliemicals
The risk of hazardous spillage is greatest while agrichemical concentrates are being handled.
Users shall minimize any hazards from spillage by having established clean-up procedures, with
clean-up materials to hand.
Users should comply with mixing instructions on the container label for both agrichemicals and
adjuvants.
Users should prepare only sufficient agrichemical for the task at hand and for the time available for
application, and shall wear appropriate protective equipment during the mixing procedure.
5.3.2.1 Mixing sites
No agrichemicals shall be stored or mixed without proper management of the risk of any spillage
entering waterways, wells, or otherwise contaminating the environment (refer to Appendix R).
Mixing sites shall comply with the specified minimum requirements, as follows:
(a) Containers - All empty containers shall be triple-rinsed before being securely stored;
(b) Disposal of washings - Washings from empty containers or application equipment shall be
contained and disposed of by methods consistent with this Standard (refer to Appendix S);
(c) Temporary storage - Agrichemicals temporarily stored at a field mixing site shall not be
accessible to livestock, children or unauthorized persons (refer to Appendix L). Where
appropriate, temporary storage sites shall be placarded in accordance with section 4;
(d) Washing facilities - Users shall note the requirements of the Health and Safety in Employment
Act to minimize any harm that hazards to personnel from agrichemical spillage can cause.
Adequate washing and/or changing facilities shall be provided, including a supply of clean
water.
35
NZS 8409:2004
5,3.2.2 Mixing procedures
Users should follow the manufacturer's instructions for the correct mixing order for agrichemicals.
The checklist for mixing agrichemicals should include the following:
(a) Decontamination - Where different agrichemicals are to be applied or administered, users
should check that the equipment to be used has been decontaminated since the previous use.
Where necessary, decontaminate before proceeding (refer to Appendix R5);
(b) Correct chemical - users shall ensure that the correct chemical has been identified, and the
required mixture rate established;
(c) Water supply - Users should ensure that the water supply is suitable for the chemical to be used,
that there is no leakage in the pumping equipment and connections, and that there is no chance
of spillage or back siphon to the water source. At all times, filling of spray tanks should be
supervised so that the water supply cannot be contaminated (refer to Appendix F);
(d) Spillage - Users should clean up any spills immediately they occur.
5.3.3 Application equipment
Users should select application equipment that minimizes the potential contamination hazard to the
operator and the environment. Equipment should be appropriate for the safe and effective
application of agrichemicals and include the following:
(a) Spray application equipment shall be configured to produce optimum droplet sizes, while
minimizing the amount of small, drift prone droplets (refer to Appendix Q);
(b) Equipment shall be capable of achieving the required accuracy in the amount of agrichemical
to be delivered or applied;
(c) All equipment used to apply or administer agrichemicals shall be maintained to a satisfactory
standard;
(d) Only equipment that is accurately calibrated for the task at hand shall be used (refer to
Appendix Q). Calibration checks shall be undertaken at intervals consistent with equipment
usage, and by persons who have demonstrated calibration competence.
5.3.4 Spray drift
The user shall be responsible for minimizing spray drift. Users shall ensure that relevant TELs and
EELs are not exceeded (a regulatory requirement); Appendix G provides guidance on appropriate
procedures.
In all cases users shall exercise the utmost care when applying agrichemicals, and take note of the
factors below.
5.3.4.1 Weather conditions
No agrichemical application should be made unless wind speed and wind direction at the
application site are known and are not expected to create adverse off-target effects to people or
property (refer to Appendix G).
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NZS 8409:2004
5.3.4.2 Application technique
When agrichemicals are applied, there is the potential for off-target movement (refer to Appendix G).
Applicators shall be aware of the ways in which off-target movement of spray can occur, and take
all reasonable care to avoid or mitigate the hazard by:
(a) Spraying in a cross-wind, where the direction and strength of the airflow is predictable and is
expected to move any spray drift away from sensitive areas thereby minimizing any drift hazard;
(b) Not spraying hazardous chemicals (likely to cause damage) in calm (zero wind) conditions,
when the drift movement direction cannot be determined, or when inversion conditions exist or
may arise following application;
(c) Not applying volatile agrichemicals in calm conditions where the ambient temperature and
humidity are such that evaporation and subsequent spray drift is likely (refer to table G1,
Appendix G and Appendix D) for volatility information;
(d) Not activating spray equipment when the spray is directed away from the intended spray target;
(e) Minimizing the distance between the sprayer and the spray target consistent with adequate
spray coverage being achieved;
(f) Not applying the agrichemical in such a way as to land on any other person.
5.3.4.3 Sensitive areas
Applicators shall identify any sensitive areas and describe any situations likely to result in a drift
hazard on a spray plan. The spray plan shall describe the measures to be taken that will avoid the
drift hazard (see Appendix G3).
5.3.4.4 Buffer zones and shelter belts
Where appropriate, buffer zones shall be used to minimize spray drift hazard to sensitive areas.
However, applicators shall not rely exclusively on buffer zones or shelterbelts to eliminate spray
drift hazard. Guidance on the use of buffer zones and shelterbelts is set out in Appendix G.
5.3.5 Documentation
The HSNO Act and regional air plans set out documentation requirements for the use of
agrichemicals. Check with local authorities for details and any additional requirements.
The general requirements under the HSNO regulations (see regulation 6 of the Hazardous
Substances [Classes 6, 8 and 9] Regulations) are as follows:
(a) The name of the substance;
(b) The date and time of each application or discharge of the substance;
(c) The classification or classifications of the substance;
(d) The amount of the substance applied or discharged;
(e) The location where the substance was applied or discharged:
(f) If the substance is applied to or discharged in the air, a description of the wind speed and
direction when the substance was applied or discharged;
(g) The name of the user of the substance and the user's address.
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NZS 8409:2004
A record must be kept for not less than 3 years after the date on which the substance that the record
relates to is applied or discharged. For any other documentation requirements, refer to the product
label, or other information accompanying the product e.g. SDS, PSC (see Appendix D).
5.3.6 Competency
In all cases, those applying agrlchemicals shall be appropriately qualified and shall be familiar with
requirements of this Standard and with the requirements of the local body air quality plan relevant
to their area.
Handlers of some agrlchemicals may require certification as an approved handler under the HSNO
Act. Refer to product label, product information or supplier. See Appendix H.
5.4 Safe Use of Veterinary Medicines and Animal Health Products
Section 5.4 covers veterinary medicines including Prescription Animal Remedies (PARs) and over
the counter medicines (OTCs). OTC products may be freely purchased by anyone. PARS are
available only with a veterinary prescription, or may be used only by or under the control of a
veterinarian. PARs are classified into PAR Class I (can be purchased with a veterinary prescription)
and PAR Classes II and III, which are subject to greater control.
All veterinary medicines, except for certain product groups that are exempt, require registration
underthe ACVM Act. "Conditions of registration" are applied to products when they are registered.
Conditions applying to users of the product appear on the product label and constitute an important
part of "safe use".
NOTE - For operational guidelines, refer to ACVM model for operational procedure: Model 1: The use
of veterinarian and human medicines by non-veterinarians for research, testing and teaching purposes
(46 ACVM 01/03) and The Royal Society of New Zealand Code of Practice for the Use of Veterinary and
Human Medicines in Research, Testing and Teaching Organizations. The Code is available at: http://
www.rsnz.govt.nz/advisory/anzccart
In addition to the safe practices outlined in 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 on handling and mixing, mixing sites,
mixing procedures and application equipment, 5.4.1 to 5.4.3 also apply.
5.4.1 Use of veterinary medicines other than as provided for on the label ("discretionary use")
A veterinary medicine shall not be used by any person on animals or in a manner specifically
prohibited in the current conditions of registration for that trade name product. "Off-label" or
"discretionary" use of OTC and PAR veterinary medicines is permitted at the discretion of a
registered veterinarian under certain circumstances (see C5-3).
Products that are exempt from ACVM registration shall be used only as recommended in the
information provided with the product, unless the alternative use is under veterinary supervision or
prescription.
5.4.2 Documentation
The product name, methods of treatment and date the product(s) are used shall be recorded for
all production animal treatments with veterinary medicines.
NOTE -Such information is required to be recorded by farmers to comply with MAF Standard D1 05 "Milking
Animal Health" and for the "Animal Status Declaration" (mandated under the Animal Products Act) that is
required for the sale (including sale for slaughter and processing, and store sale) of all sheep (including
lambs), cattle (except bobby calves), deer, goats, pigs, alpacas, llamas, horses, ostriches and emus.
Users shall be aware of the hazard class (if any) of the veterinary medicine and comply with any
controls under HSNO.
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NZS 8409:2004
5.4.3 Competency
In all cases, those administering veterinary medicines shall be appropriately qualified (where PAR
veterinary medicines are used) and shall be familiar with requirements of this Standard, the
conditions of registration (or exemption from registration), the Animal Welfare Act and related
Codes of Welfare.
5.5 Safe Use of Compounds for Agricultural Produce, Soil or
Greenhouse Fumigation
5.5.1 General
Section 5.5 covers the safe use of compounds for produce, soil or greenhouse fumigation. The safe
practices outlined in sections 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 on handling and mixing, mixing sites, mixing
procedures and application equipment apply. For additional information, refer to the Approved
Code of Practice for Control of Fumigants, Pest Management Association.
NOTE - Use of fumigants is a specialist activity and it is recommended to seek professional assistance.
5.5.2 Notification of use
Any person who is likely to be directly affected by the application of fumigants has a right to
information about what fumigants are to be used, and notification should be used to achieve that.
Notification shall be given not less than 24 hours in advance of the operation.
NOTE - This may include local authorities' requirements for air quality and discharges into air, and other
regulatory requirements (including the regional public health service, which administers the Fumigation
Regulations).
5.5.3 Mixing and preparation for fumigation
The fumigator shall:
(a) Evacuate the area to be fumigated;
(b) Seal the fumigation area or site;
(c) Secure the area to be fumigated against unauthorized entry.
5.5.4 Application
The area under fumigation shall be entered only when wearing suitable PPE. The amount of
fumigant used shall be restricted to that needed to achieve effective and safe control, and in
compliance with the rates recommended.
5.5.5 Documentation
Records shall be maintained of all fumigant use, as set out in 5.3.5.
5.5.6 Competency
All operators carrying out fumigation shall be appropriately qualified according to the controls on
the product, and be familiar with this Standard and the control of fumigants under the HSNO Act.
Refer to Appendix H.
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NZS 8409:2004
5.6 Safe Agricultural Use of Detergents, and Other Cleaning and
Sanitizing Compounds
5.6.1 General
Section 5.6 covers detergents and sanitizers, and other compounds that are used for cleaning and
sanitizing facilities and equipment where food products are handled on farm. In addition to the safe
practices outlined in 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 on handling and mixing, mixing sites, mixing procedures and
application equipment the following guidelines apply. Refer also to Appendix C7 and the Dairy
Industry Code of Practice for Detergents and Sanitizers (in preparation). Only cleaning and
sanitizing compounds that have been approved under the Animal Products Act shall be used in
areas in which animal products are harvested and/or processed.
5.6.2 Mixing and preparation
Users should comply with mixing instructions on the container label, including amounts to use,
temperature and frequency of use. Users should prepare only sufficient chemical for the task at
hand and shall wear appropriate PPE during the mixing procedure.
Containers and measuring utensils used for preparation of detergents or sanitizers shall not be
used for the mixing or preparation of any other agrichemical.
Detergents and sanitizers shall be used at the correct strength, temperature and in the correct
combinations. Users shall not mix alkaline products with acid products. Users shall ensure that
powdered detergents are completely dissolved before use.
NOTE - Only detergents and sanitizers approved by the Dairy Industry Regulations shall be used in farm
dairies. Refer to www.nzfsa.govt.nz/dairy/registers/sanJtisers.htm.
5.6.3 Use
Users should use closed containers when carrying corrosive products.
Users shall ensure that spent or waste detergent or sanitizers are sufficiently diluted so that the
concentration is below the hazard threshold set for that product, before disposal in the general
waste stream from the premises.
5.6.4 Competency
Where required, users shall hold the approved handler qualification, according to the substance
being used. See the Hazardous Substances [Classes 6, 8 and 9] Regulations and the Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms (Personnel Qualifications) Regulations and Appendix H.
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NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 6 DISPOSAL OF AGRICHEMICALS
AND CONTAINERS
6-1 Scope
Section 6 deals with the safe disposal of concentrate agrichemical, surplus agrichemical spray
mixture, empty agrichemical containers and contaminated Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
(see Appendix P for further information). In some instances there may be no suitable disposal
option available in which case the material shall be securely stored until safe disposal can be
carried out.
6.2 Risk Management
Good management of the quantities of agrichemicals required for use and subsequently mixed to
dilute form reduces the need to dispose of agrichemical. The main risks are that agrichemicals will
escape to the wider environment in concentrations above the threshold limits set in the various
Hazardous Substances and New Organisms regulations (HSNO) and hence cause damage.
Associated risks include the hazardous substances arising from the disposal of empty containers
or contaminated garments.
Agrichemical use generates empty waste containers that need to be disposed of by the safest
means possible and in compliance with local authority requirements. No one handling or using
agrichemicals or their waste containers shall knowingly dispose of them in a manner that will
adversely affect human or acceptable levels of environmental health or is not in accordance with
the Hazardous Substances (Disposal) Regulations and local authority requirements.
6.3 Responsibilities
The owner of any agrichemical is responsible for the safe disposal of any unwanted agrichemical
concentrate and of the container. The method of disposal shall not result in any adverse effect on
the health of people or the environment.
There are specific requirements for the disposal of each agrichemical and the container. Refer to
product label, or other information accompanying the product (e.g. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and
Product Safety Card (PSC)).
NOTE - Some agrichemicals and their containers will require disposal by approved handlers.
6-4 Information
Suppliers shall provide, and users shall obtain, all the information needed to ensure the safe
disposal of agrichemicals and their containers. The product label, SDS, or PSC (where available)
for the agrichemical will have relevant information. See Appendix D.
6-5 Safe Practice for Disposal
6.5.1 Personal safety
Disposal shall be undertaken wearing protective clothing designated for the agrichemicals
concerned.
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NZS 8409:2004
6.5.2 Disposal of unwanted agrichemicals (concentrates and dilute mixes)
Detailed information on the safe storage of unwanted agrichemicals is given in Appendix S. At all
times, unwanted agrichemicals shall be kept safe and secure in a lockable agrichemical storage
facility. If the (original) container has deteriorated, sit the whole container inside a leak proof
container capable of holding the maximum quantity of unwanted agrichemical in the event the
original container fails. It is important to ensure that the replacement container is compatible with
any solvents in the agrichemical.
NOTE-
(1) Caution - not all plastics will tolerate the solvents in emulsifiable concentrate formulations and may
deteriorate rapidly if they come into contact with the solvent.
(2) See Appendix S2 for more details on disposal options for concentrates.
6.5.2.1 Dilute mixes of agrichemicals
The need to dispose of spray mix of agricultural compounds and plant protection products,
veterinary medicines (dips) or other diluted preparations should be minimized by careful assessment
of the quantity needed to just complete the job in hand. Spraying unused mix on to the target area
is an option provided there is no chance of compromising acceptable residue levels for the crop or
target for treatment in the intended market. Pre-harvest intervals may need to be adjusted to
compensate for the additional application. Use of headlands and grassed tracks are alternate
options in this case, provided the same strip is not repeatedly used. Other options include storage
in dedicated tanks for later use - do not mix herbicides with insecticides or fungicides. Note that
some agrichemicals lose activity if not used immediately following mixing.
NOTE - See Appendix S3 for more details of disposal of agrichemical mixtures.
6.5.3 Disposal of contaminated protective personal equipment
6.5.3.1 Contaminated clottiing
Thoroughly launder (separate from otherclothing) before re-use. If clothing is seriously contaminated,
discard as solid material.
6-5.3.2 Disposal of solid material
All material recovered from protective clothing should be disposed of safely as for agrichemical
concentrate (refer S2).
6.5.4 Agrictiemical containers
6.5.4.1 Re-use of containers
All containers shall be thoroughly cleaned before re-use and shall not be used to contain any
substance for human or animal consumption, if a container is re-used for other purposes, it shall
only be refilled with a like agrichemical and shall be provided with an appropriate label.
NOTE - Some agrichemical containers may not be re-used. Check the Hazardous Substances (Disposal)
Regulations.
6.5.4.2 Disposal of containers
All containers shall be triple rinsed before disposal irrespective of whether the container is being
recycled or returned for re-use. Triple rinsing should be completed at the time of emptying the
container and the rinsate added to the spray mix tank. Triple rinsing of plastic lined and waxed
cardboard containers shall also be carried out to help ensure complete removal of residues before
container disposal.
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NZS 8409:2004
Methods of disposing of containers include:
(a) Recycling - Some types of containers may be recycled (metal or plastic) by being returned to
the supplier or 'handed in' to a recognized recycling service;
(b) Landfilling - The container shall be made unusable by flattening, holing or breaking. The
irreversibly damaged container may then be disposed of either to a public landfill that accepts
used and washed agrichemical containers (refer to Appendix S5.4), or to a private landfill that
is a permitted activity or has resou rce consents granted by a local authority (refer to Appendix S5.5) .
All bungs and caps shall be removed and disposed of separately;
(c) Burning -Where the product label advises that an agrichemical container can be disposed of
by burning, users shall ensure that local authority air quality rules, regulations or bylaws permit
this.
NOTE - Most plastics containers are made of high density polyethylene (HOPE) and are suitable for burning.
Containers made of halogenated plastics are not suitable for burning. See table S1 in Appendix S.
6.5.5 Disposal of used needles and syringes
Used needles and syringes must be disposed of safely out of reach of children. Syringes must be
rendered inoperable before disposal. If no suitable "sharps" container is available, used needles
can be stored in an empty plastic container (such as a plastic milk bottle) and disposed of in ways
that protect both people and the environment. Sharps containers can be delivered back to resellers
for disposal.
6.6 Documentation
Users shall be aware of the hazard class of the agrichemical and comply with any tracking
requirements under the HSNO Act regime. Refer to product label, SDS, or PSC.
6.7 Competency
All persons involved in the disposal of agrichemicals and their containers shall be suitably trained
and/or qualified (see Appendix H). Disposal of some agrichemicals may require handlers with
certification as an approved handler; refer to product label, PSCs or the supplier.
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NZS 8409:2004
SECTION 7 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND
MANAGEMENT
7-1 Scope
Section 7 covers the need to anticipate incidents or adverse events with agrichemicals, and to have
a plan ready to action when such events occur. The Hazardous Substances (Emergency
Management) Regulations prescribe the requirements to manage any emergency involving a
hazardous substance. Section 7 addresses how to prepare for agrichemical emergencies and the
quantities of agrichemicals that trigger the need to have an emergency response plan. An outline
of the information needed and actions to take in an emergency is given. Detailed information is
provided in Appendix K. Appendix T lists the addresses of resources available on the internet.
NOTE - An emergency response plan forms part of the emergency management system.
7.2 Risk Management
The Environmental Risk Management Authority's approval for a hazardous substance stipulates
the controls that are required to manage the risks that may arise throughout the life-cycle of that
substance.
The Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations describe the duties of the
person in charge of a place of work according to the quantities and type of hazardous substances
they control (see table K1).
The person in charge shall establish a logical and systematic plan to identify, evaluate, monitor and
communicate the risks associated with spillage and/orfire during transport orstorage of agrichemicals
according to the level of emergency response set out in the regulations (table K1).
While there are risks with diluted spray strength agrichemicals, the major risks involve concentrated
undiluted agrichemical and include:
(a) Accidental occupational human exposure;
(b) Spillage;
(c) Fire (consequential, explosion, emissions and escape of fire-fighting water);
(d) Environmental contamination and adverse effects (e.g. transport orforklift accidents, earthquake).
The risk management response may range from the provision of information e.g. first aid
instructions, to specific emergency response plans. See Appendix K.
7.3 Responsibility
Employers and employees, including the self-employed have duties under the Health and Safety
in Employment Act to ensure the workplace is safe (see 5.2.5, 5,2.6). Employers shall be aware
of their responsibilities and take all practicable steps to ensure the safety of employees while at
work. There should be at least two people with a current first-aid certificate for every 10 people
employed in a workplace. All agrichemical users shall be aware of basic first aid as laid out in
Appendix E. Where required, suppliers and users shall hold an approved handler test certificate.
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NZS 8409:2004
7.3.1 Suppliers and users
The specific responsibility for users or suppliers of agrichemicals in relation to the emergency
management of hazardous substances depends on both the amount of substance and type of
hazard. Both suppliers and users shall ensure that the emergency response requirements
according to the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations are met. See
Appendix K and table K1 . For information for specific substances refer to the Safety Data Sheets
(SDS) or Product Safety Card (PSC).
7.3.2 Protective clothing and equipment
As employers, suppliers and users shall provide or make accessible protective clothing and
equipment where agrichemicals are used in the workplace by their employees. As employees,
including the self-employed, suppliers and users shall use the protective equipment provided or
made available.
See Appendix P for details of protective equipment and Appendix K for other equipment.
7.3.3 Emergency response plans
Emergency response plans for all likely emergencies detailing what actions to take shall be
provided if the quantities of hazardous substances exceed the threshold quantities set out in table
K1 for level 3- See 7.4.1.
Where an emergency response plan is required, it shall be made available to every person who
has a specific responsibility for any actions to be taken. The plan must also be made available to
local emergency services e.g. the Fire Service. See also 7.5.2.
7.3.4 First aid cabinets
An appropriate first aid cabinetfor general accidents and emergencies should be provided. Where
more than five people are employed, the law requires a person to be appointed in charge and a
register of first aid treatments, and the nature of any injury or Illness to be kept.
7-4 Information and Actions in an Emergency
The two important requirements are:
(a) Sufficient information being available;
(b) A plan of actions to take to isolate or contain the hazardous substance(s) and remedy any
adverse effects.
7.4.1 Emergency response information
The Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations define three levels of emergency
response information:
Level 1 - General information applicable to all circumstances and focusing on the risk to individuals.
The product label should provide sufficient information Hazardous Substances (Emergency
Management) Regulations 6-11).
Level 2 - Focuses on the workplace where several people are likely to be affected and requires
further documentation e.g. SDS or PSC and fire fighting requirements. Hazardous Substances
(Emergency Management) Regulations 12 - 20).
Level 3 - Large numbers of people are likely to be involved or adverse effects on the environment.
Emergency Response Plans, secondary containment and signage are required. Hazardous
Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations 25 - 42). >-
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NZS 8409:2004
Appendix K and table K1 , give information on the hazard classification thresholds for each level and
the type of information required. For hazard classification information on specific substances refer
to the SDS, PSC or the supplier of the agrichemical.
When transporting dangerous goods on the road, the driver transporting those dangerous goods
shall also carry emergency response information (refer to Appendix KB).
7,4.1.1 Manifests
To establish whether the amount of hazardous substance held on site at any one time exceeds the
emergency response levels, the person in charge shall have a manifest of all substances held (see
Appendix K4 and K7).
7.4.2 Identify
The key identifiers required by emergency services in the first instance are set out below. Identify
the actual products and type of hazard involved at a safe distance before getting physically involved.
(a) UN number: e.g. UN 2784 (always a 4 digit number);
(b) UN Class: e.g. Class 3 Flammable, subsidiary risk 6.1 ;
(c) Proper shipping name: e.g. ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE LIQUID, FLAMMABLE,
TOXIC, flash point less than 23 ^C;
(d) Packing group: e.g. II;
(e) Phone number: e.g. 24 hour Emergency number e.g.: OSOOChemcall (0800 243
6225).
If the agrichemical cannot be safely identified, then it shall be treated as the most hazardous known
to be on the site.
7.4.3 Actions
In the event of an emergency the actions to take are summarized below. See Appendix K for more
specific information, including clean up procedures.
(a) Assess
Assess the scope of emergency. For example: is the spill major or minor? Are fumes or gas
present? Is a chemical reaction under way? Can immediately available staff and resources
cope, or should emergency services be called? See Appendix K6.4 for details of major or minor
emergencies.
(b) Alarm
Depending on the best assessment of the scope of emergency, either call emergency
responses on 11 1 , the relevant emergency 24 hour number, or local authority Pollution hotline
without delay. For any emergency time is important, so raise the appropriate alarm first. Always
advise others of your plans before attempting any human rescue or salvage.
(c) Fire
Evacuate the area, call the Fire Service then, if appropriate means are available and only if it
is safe to do so, attempt to extinguish the fire whilst it is still small.
(d) Spill containment
Do not allow spilled agrichemical to enter any body of water including storm water drains. See
Appendix KB. 3 and 6.4.
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7.4,4 Availability of information
7.4.4.1 Suppliers and persons in charge of places of work
Under the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations, suppliers and persons
in charge of places of work are required to provide specified information on the agrichemicals
(hazardous substances) supplied according to the emergency management response level (see
7.4.1, 7.5.4 and table K1).
7.4.4.2 Time
Information required shall be made available within the time set down, according to the level of
emergency response (1 minutes for level 2 emergency management, no prescribed time for level
3). See 7.4.1 and Appendix C2.2. AlmostalltheagrlchemicalscoveredbythisStandardwillrequire
level 2 or 3 emergency management.
7-5 Documentation
7.5.1 Emergency response plans
Where an emergency response plan is required it shall include the following information:
(a) A description of the actions to be taken including advising people that an emergency has arisen
and what action they should take, helping any person injured, and getting the emergency under
control;
(b) The identity of everyone who has responsibility for specified tasks, including how to contact
them, what their skills are and what they are expected to do;
(c) A specification of how to get information about hazardous properties of any substance, what
equipment is needed to manage the emergency, where it is and what it is for, and how to contact
any emergency service provider;
(d) A summary of the amounts of dangerous goods, scheduled poisons, and tracked hazardous
substances held on the site (i.e. a manifest);
(e) A description of what fire extinguishers are available and where located.
7.5.2 Availability of plans
Underthe Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations an emergency response
plan shall be available to every person who is identified in the plan as having responsibility for
actions, and to every emergency service provider identified in it.
7.5.3 Hazardous substance location
A person in charge of a hazardous substance location shall ensure that where required, a test
certificate is obtained for that location. A site plan showing the physical position of the hazardous
substance location is also required.
NOTE -These requirements apply only to hazard classifications 2, 3, 4 and 5. See the Hazardous Substances
(Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations. See 2.6.1.
7.5.4 Tracl<ing
The person in charge of a place where a tracked substance is present shall ensure that a record
is kept of the identity of the substance, and its location and the amount that has been transferred
to another place. Details of any disposal shall also be kept. If an approved handler is required to
be in charge of the tracked substance the identity of the approved handler along with other
information is needed.
Refer to the Hazardous Substances (Tracking) Regulations for details.
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7.5.5 Location of documentation
The responsible person shall maintain duplicate copies of the emergency response plans in safe
positions and arrange for the New Zealand Fire Service to hold an approved copy.
7.6 Competency
As the person in charge, a supplier or user shall be appropriately trained and knowledgeable in the
management of hazardous substances (agrichemicals) and the development of emergency
management systems including emergency response plans. Refer to Appendix H.
All agrichemical users shall be aware of basic first aid as laid out in Appendix E. Where required,
suppliers and users shall hold an approved handler test certificate.
Trained persons in charge of any agrichemical operation shall be responsible for the collection,
collation and use of product information supplied with the agrichemical.
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NZS 8409:2004
APPENDIX A
Glossary
(Normative)
A1 Definitions
Only terms used in this Standard, or used in a different form than that given in a technical or English
dictionary are defined. For the purposes of this Standard, the following terms and definitions shall
apply:
ABSORPTION. The movement of a chemical into plants, animals (including humans) and micro-
organisms or any substrate.
ACCREDITED. Officially recognized, generally accepted or believed. Certified as being of a
prescribed quality.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL. Finely ground charcoal which adsorbs contaminants from liquids and
gases.
ACTIVE INGREDIENT. The active constituent of any formulated agrichemical as distinct from any
carriers, surfactants, and diluents.
ACUTE POISONING. A measure of the toxic effects of a single exposure to agrichemicals
occurring within a short time after that exposure.
ADJUVANT. Any substance other than water that is designed to enhance the effectiveness, reduce
drift or act as a synergist, when added to any agrichemical application mixture (e.g. surfactants,
wetters, stickers and fillers).
ADSORPTION. The process whereby chemicals are held or bound to a surface by physical or
electrostatic attraction. Clay and organic soils have a high adsorptive capacity.
ADVERSE EFFECT or ADVERSE EVENT. An undesirable or unwanted outcome. A key element
in the Resource Management Act is "to avoid, remedy or mitigate any adverse effects on the
environment". An adverse event may include cases where an animal health product did not work.
AGITATION. Process of stirring or mixing in a container.
AGRICHEMICAL. Any substance, whether inorganic or organic, man-made or naturally occurring,
modified or in its original state, that is used in any agriculture, horticulture or related activity, to
eradicate, modify or control flora and fauna. For the purposes of this Standard, it includes
agricultural compounds, but excludes fertilizers, vertebrate pest control products and oral nutrition
compounds.
AGRICULTURAL COMPOUND. Any substance, mixture of substances, or biological compound,
used or intendedfor use in the direct management of plants and animals, or to be applied to the land,
place, or water on or in which the plants and animals are managed, for the purposes of:
(a) Managing or eradicating pests, including vertebrate pests; or
(b) Maintaining, promoting, or regulating planter animal productivity and performance or reproduction;
or
(c) Fulfilling special nutritional requirements; or
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NZS 8409:2004
(d) The manipulation, capture, or immobilization of animals; or
(e) Diagnosing the condition of animals; or
(f) Preventing or treating conditions of animals; or
(g) Enhancing the effectiveness of an agricultural compound used for the treatment of plants and
animals; or
(h) Marking animals
and includes any veterinary medicine, any substance, mixture of substances, or biological
compound used for post-harvest pest control or disinfestation of raw primary produce, and any
substance, mixture of substances, or biological compound declared to be an agricultural compound
for the purposes of the ACVM Act by Order-in-Council.
AGRICULTURAL USE. Used in the management of animals, orfor cultivating the soil for production
of food crops, or other products of the soil, or aquatic horticulture.
ALTERNATIVE USE. The use of an agrichemical in a situation other than that originally intended,
(e.g. application to another crop). It may be an acceptable method for disposal of unwanted
agrichemicals. See also off-label use.
AMENITY AREAS AND PUBLIC PLACES. Those areas which are not used for agriculture,
horticulture or plantation forestry but which are open to public access.
ANIMAL REMEDY. Any drug, medicine, remedy or therapeutic preparation, or any biochemical
substance for:
(a) Curing, diagnosing, treating, controlling or preventing any disease in animals; or
(b) Destroying or preventing parasites on, or in, animals; or
(c) Maintaining or improving the health, condition, productivity or appearance of any animal; or
(d) Capturing or immobilizing any animal.
(See also Veterinary medicine.)
ANTHELMINTIC. A chemical used to control parasitic worms in animals.
ANTIBIOTIC. A chemical produced by a micro-organism which is capable of destroying other
micro-organisms, especially bacteria (e.g. streptomycin, cycloheximide and penicillin).
ANTIDOTE. A practical treatment for poisoning to offset the harmful effects.
APPLICATOR. Any person or organization engaged in the application of any agrichemical. Where
application is delegated to employees, it also includes the person(s) directly responsible for those
employees.
APPROVED HANDLER. A person who holds a current approved handler test certificate certifying
that the person has satisfied the requirements of the Hazardous Substances (Personnel
Qualifications) Regulations in relation to an approved handler for 1 or more hazard classifications
or hazardous substances. Approved handler test certificates are only issued by Test Certifiers
appointed under HSNO legislation.
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NZS 8409:2004
BACTERIA. Microscopic organisms, some of which are capable of producing diseases in plants
and animals; controlled by a bactericide or bacteriostat.
BACTERIOSTAT. A chemical which brings growth of bacteria to a halt but does not kill bacteria.
BAIT. A food or other substance used to attract a pest to a chemical or trap where it will be destroyed
or captured.
BENEFICIAL INSECT. Insect that is useful or helpful to humans (e.g. pollinators, and parasites
and predators of pests).
BIO CONTROL. Control of pests using predators, parasites and disease-causing organisms. May
be naturally occurring or introduced.
BUFFER ZONE. The distance between an identified sensitive area, and the (downwind) edge of
an area where agrichemicals are being applied.
BUNDED AREA. An area which has a raised perimeterto prevent the escape of any spilled liquids.
CALIBRATE/ CALIBRATION. To adjust application equipment so that a known amount of product
is applied to a given area.
CARBAMATES. A group of compounds, based primarily on carbamic acid. Products include
fungicides, herbicides and insecticides (e.g. carbaryl, lannate, mancozeb and eradicane).
CARRIER. An inert solid or fluid added to an active ingredient to make an agrichemical formulation.
A carrier can also be the material, usually water or oil, used to dilute the formulated product for
application.
CAUTION. A schedule heading which appears on the label of materials listed in the Fourth
Schedule of the Toxic Substances Regulations 1983.
NOTE - Under the HSNO Act strict use of this word may change.
CHEMICAL NAME. The technical name of the active ingredient in the formulated product. This
complex name is derived from the chemical name of the active ingredient in the formulated product.
CHOLINESTERASE. An essential chemical catalyst (enzyme) found in the nervous system of
humans and many other animals, which inactivates acetylcholine.
CHRONIC POISONING. A measure of the toxic effects of long term, repeated exposure to
agrichemicals.
CLEAN. To rinse thoroughly (usually with water) to remove or dilute any remaining agrichemical.
COMMERCIAL USER/COMMERCIAL USE. In short, it means any person, group or organization
using agrichemicals in the course of their business activities. It includes any council or local
authority managing the use of agrichemicals in public places and amenity areas, roadsides,
waterways and on noxious weeds and pests.
NOTE - Refer to Part XIII, s. 183 of the HSNO Act.
COMPATIBLE. Chemicals are compatible if they can be mixed without reducing the effectiveness
of any individual chemical.
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NZS 8409:2004
CONCENTRATION. The amount of active ingredient in a given volume or weight of formulated
product.
CONSIGNOR. A person who engages a prime contractor to transport dangerous goods. For
imported goods, the importer should be the consignor for the first journey.
CONTACT RE-ENTRY TIME. The minimum time required to elapse before a treated area can be
re-entered without protection.
CONTAINER. Anything in which agrichemicals may be packed, enclosed or covered prior to
application.
CONTAMINATION. The presence of an unwanted substance in or on a plant, animal, soil, water,
air or structure (see also Residue).
CONTRACTOR/CONTRACT USE. Any person or organization who by agreement with owner,
occupier or manager of any land or animals, administers, applies, or causes to be applied, any
agrichemical in an agricultural, horticultural or related situation for hire or reward. It does not include
an employee, an owner, occupier or manager.
CORROSIVE POISON. A poison containing a strong acid or alkali which will severely burn the skin,
mouth, stomach, etc. or cause injury to eyes.
CROP. Any plants growing where desired.
DANGEROUS GOODS. Substances that have the properties described in table A of the Land
Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods and NZS 5433.
DANGEROUS GOODS DECLARATION (DGD). A document required to be carried on vehicles that
shows what is being carried, how it is packaged, the quantity being carried, and contains a
declaration which verifies this information.
DANGEROUS POISON. A schedule heading which appears on the label of materials listed in the
Second Schedule of the Toxic Substances Regulations (see also Poison).
DEADLY POISON. A schedule heading which appears on the label of materials listed in the First
Schedule of the Toxic Substances Regulations (see also Poison).
DECONTAMINATE. A specific procedure to remove or neutralize any remaining agrichemical.
DEGRADATION. The process by which a chemical compound is broken down to a simpler
compound by the action of micro-organisms, water, air, sunlight or other agents. Degradation
products are usually less toxic than the original compound.
DEPOSIT. The occurrence of a chemical on a treated surface after application (see also Residue).
DILUENT. Any liquid, solid or gaseous material used to dilute or carry an active ingredient.
DIP. An ectoparasiticide.
DIPPING BATH. An open topped tank used to contain dip wash for immersing livestock.
DIP WASH. Mixture of water and dip concentrate.
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NZS 8409:2004
DISPOSAL. The actions required to remove any unwanted agrichemica! or agrichemical containers
from long or short term storage by only accepted and/or approved methods.
DISTRIBUTOR. Someone who distributes (including retailing) products whose registration is held
by others (includes resellers).
DOCUMENTATION. Evidence and information either in hand written or electronic format that
provides an authentic record or verification of practice, e.g.: Spray diary, storage manifest, incident
reports. Documentation may also refer to written information provided to enable safe handling and
use of agrichemicals e.g. SDS, DGD, or PSC.
DOSE/DOSAGE. Quantity of agrichemical applied to a given site, target or animal.
DRIFT. The movement of airborne agrichemical as droplets, vapour or solid particles away from
the target area.
DRIFT HAZARD. The hazard associated with drift and consequent trespass which may result in
an adverse effect to human health, animal health or the environment.
DUST. A finely ground, dry formulation containing active ingredient and inert carrier or diluent such
as clay or talc.
ECOTOXIC. Capable of causing ill health, injury or death to any living organism.
NOTE - Refer to HSNO Act.
ECTOPARASITICIDE. An agrichemical used to control ectoparasites (e.g. sheep dips).
EMERGENCY RESPONSE INFORMATION (ERI). Information concerning the identification and
hazards specific to the dangerous goods, and the recommended procedures to use in the event of
an emergency
EMERGENCY PROCEDURE. The actions required to minimize impact and injury to human health
and the environment resulting from an accident with agrichemicals.
EMULSIFIABLE CONCENTRATE. A formulation produced by dissolving the active ingredient and
an emulsifying agent in a suitable solvent. When added to water, an emulsion is formed.
EMULSION. Fine dispersion of particles or droplets of one liquid in another liquid.
ENDANGERED SPECIES. Individual plants or animals with a population which has been reduced
to the point where survival of the species is threatened.
ENVIRONMENT. The environment is:
(a) Ecosystems and their constituent parts, including people and communities; and
(b) All natural and physical resources; and
(c) Amenity values; and
(d) The social, economic, aesthetic, and cultural conditions which affect, or are affected by (a), (b),
and (c) above.
NOTE - Refer to the Resource Management Act.
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NZS 8409:2004
FORMULATION. An agrichemical preparation in such a form that, with or without the addition of
bulk liquid or powder, it is ready for application to the target.
FUMIGANT. A substance, whether in solid, liquid or gaseous form, with or without the addition of
warning agents that is listed in the First Schedule to the Fumigation Regulations.
FUNGI (singular FUNGUS). Non-chlorophyll-bearing plants, living as saprophytes or parasites.
Some infect and cause diseases in plants, animals and humans or destroy wood and fibre products
(e.g.: rusts, mildews, moulds, smuts). Others are beneficial, e.g. decomposers and human food
sources. Controlled by a fungicide.
FUNGICIDE. Any agrichemical that is specifically designed to control, eradicate or interrupt the
growth processes of fungal organisms.
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICE (GAP). The recommended or authorized usage of an
agrichemical under practical conditions at any stage of production, storage, transportation,
distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodity, or animal feed. GAP aims for the
minimum quantity of agrichemical necessary to achieve adequate control, applied in a manner so
as to leave a residue which is the smallest amount practicable.
GRANULE. A dry agrichemical formulation. The active ingredient is either mixed with or coated
onto an inert carrier to form a small, ready-to-use, low-concentrate particle which does not normally
present a drift hazard. Pellets differ from granules only in their precise uniformity, larger size and
shape. There can be many types of granule formulations.
GROUNDWATER. Water located beneath the soil surface from which bore water is obtained or
surface springs are formed.
NOTE - Under the HSNO Act strict use of this word may change.
HAZARD. The hazard presented by a substance is its potential to cause harm.
HAZARD CLASSIFICATION:
DANGEROUS GOODS. Classified according to the predominant type of risk. Class definitions
are given in NZS 5433.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE. Classification scheme defined in the HSNO Act and Regulations.
Any substance with one or more of the following properties: explosiveness, flammability,
capacity to oxidize, corrosiveness, toxicity and ecotoxicity, as defined in the HSNO Act and
Regulations.
HAZCHEM. An emergency action code for emergency services, giving basic details for initial
emergency management.
HERBICIDE. An agrichemical that is specifically designed to kill or eradicate unwanted plants.
HOST. A plant or animal on, or in, which a pest lives.
HYDROLYSIS. Breakdown of a chemical in the presence of water.
ILLEGAL RESIDUE. A quantity of agrichemical remaining in an animal or crop at slaughter or
harvest which is either above the MRL or which is not allowed to be used on the crop or animal.
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NZS 8409:2004
IMMUNITY. The principle by which the body is protected from the invasion of certain diseases.
INCOMPATIBLE. Two or more materials which cannot be successfully mixed or used together.
INFORMATION. See documentation.
INSECTS. Arthropods characterized by a body composed of 3 segments and 3 pairs of legs:
controlled by insecticides.
INSECTICIDE. An agrichemical that is specifically designed to control, eradicate or interrupt the
growth processes of insects.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (iPM). An ecologically based pest control strategy which
may include the judicious use of agrichemicals and other control measures.
LABEL. Any written, pictorial or other descriptive information on any agrichemical container, or
other information leaflets supplied to be read in conjunction with the container label.
LD50 (Lethal Dose 50). The relative measure of the short term toxicity of an agrichemical. It refers
to the dosage sufficient to kill 50 % of a test animal population to which it is given. It is measured
in milligrams per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg).
LEACHING. The movement of a substance through soil with water.
LOCAL AUTHORITY. A regional council or territorial authority.
MANUFACTURER. Manufacture, in relation to any agricultural compound, means to make up,
prepare, produce, or process the agricultural compound; and includes the packing of an agricultural
compound in a container for the purposes of sale.
MARKER. Any person employed to mark the boundaries of, and flight lines for a treatment area.
MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMIT (MRL). Maximum amount of residue of an agrichemical or veterinary
chemical which may legally remain on or in food or stock feed at harvest or slaughter, expressed
in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg).
METABOLITE. A compound derived from changes in the active ingredient through chemical or
biological reactions. The metabolite is usually simpler in chemical structure than the original
compound.
MICROBIAL DEGRADATION. Breakdown of a chemical by micro-organisms.
MICRO-ORGANISM. An organism which is so small it cannot be seen without the aid of a
microscope.
NATIONAL POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE. Full title, National Poisons and Hazardous
Chemicals Information Centre. Located in Dunedin.
NEMATICIDE. An agrichemical to kill nematodes.
NON-TARGET SPECIES. Any plant or animal other than the intended target(s) of an agrichemical
application.
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OFF-LABEL USE. Use of an agrichemical for purposes, or at rates, other than the label prescription.
OPERATOR. Any person or organization at whose direction, or upon whose authority, an
agrichemical is applied.
ORAL NUTRITIONAL COMPOUNDS. A substance ingested by an animal as feed, or a nutritional
preparation intended for oral administration to an animal to achieve a nutritional benefit. Nutritional
benefit means contributing to the normal physiological function and metabolic homeostasis of an
animal achieved by the oral provision of nutrients.
ORGANO-PHOSPHATES. Agrichemicals and animal endoparasiticides and ectoparasiticides
which contain the element phosphorus. Most are non-persistent insecticides, miticides and
nematicides. Many are highly toxic (e.g. Maldison, parathion, diazinon, and trichlorfon).
PARASITE. A plant, animal or micro-organism living in, on, or with another living organism (the
host) for the purpose of obtaining all or part of its food. The host does not benefit from the
association, and is often harmed by it.
PARASITICIDE, A plant or animal health product used for the control of internal and/or external
parasites.
PERSISTENT CHEMICAL An agrichemical (or its metabolites) which remains active in the
environment for more than one growing season. Some compounds can accumulate in animal and
plant tissues or remain in soil for years (e.g. DDT, dieldrin, persistent herbicides).
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE). The items of apparel and equipment, including
respiratory protection, worn by a person and intended either to prevent the occurrence of harm to
the person or to minimize any harm that may occur from hazards present in the workplace or
hazards that may arise in the course of work.
PEST. An undesirable organism (bacteria. Insect, fungus, nematode, weed, virus, animal) which
is injurious to humans, desirable plants and animals, manufactured products or natural products.
PESTICIDE. Any substance or mixture of substances represented by the registrant as suitable for
the eradication or control of any pest, whether by way of modification of behaviour or development
or otherwise; and includes any substance or mixture of substances represented by the registrant
as suitable for use as a plant growth regulator, or a defoliant, or a desiccant, and also any substance
to which s. 112 of the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act 1997 applies. See
also agrichemical, agricultural compound.
PHYTOTOXIC. Harmful to plants.
PLACARD. Any of the following attached to the outside of vehicles, buildings, tanks or freight
containers:
(a) Enlarged versions of individual Class labels;
(b) A black and orange striped label with either "Dangerous" or "Hazardous" written on it;
(c) A HAZCHEM placard.
NOTE - The Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations use the word signage in way that means the
same as placard.
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PLANT HEALTH PRODUCT. A product other than fertilizer, which protects or enhances plant
health, particularly by control of diseases, insect pests and weeds.
PLANT COMPOUND. Any substance, mixture of substances, or biological compound used, or
intended for use, in the direct management of a plant in an agricultural context. It also includes
compounds used in post-harvest pest control or disinfection of raw primary produce.
POISON. Any Deadly Poison, Dangerous Poison or Poison declared to be such under the Toxic
Substances Act 1979 as listed in the First, Second and Third Schedules respectively of the Toxic
Substances Regulations 1983, and Amendments.
POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE. See National Poisons Information Centre.
POOL CHEMICAL. Any chemical used as an additive to swimming pool water for the purpose of
disinfection or water clarification, or stabilization.
PPE. Personal protective equipment (gloves, respirator, etc.).
PPM. Parts per million (or mg/kg, milligrams/kilogram). A means to express amounts of chemicals
in or on food, plants, animals, water, soil or air, e.g. one part per million is equivalent to 1 millimetre
in 1 kilometre. PPB is parts per billion.
PREDATOR. An animal which attacks, feeds on and kills other animals (e.g. hawks, stoats, fish
and many insects and mites).
PRE-EMERGENT. Before the crop has appeared through the soil. Usually used to specify the
timing of herbicide applications.
PRESCRIPTION ANIMAL REMEDY (PAR). Registered animal remedies that are only be
administered by a veterinary surgeon, under the direct control of a veterinary surgeon or under and
in direct accordance with the authority or prescription of a veterinary surgeon (see also veterinary
consultation).
PRIME CONTRACTOR. In relation to the transport of dangerous goods, the person who
undertakes responsibility for the transport of those goods from one place to another, but does not
include an employee or sub-contractor employed or engaged by that person for that purpose. It
does include a person transporting goods owned by that person.
PRIVATE LANDFILL. Any privately owned or operated disposal area.
PRODUCT SAFETY CARD. A shortened version of the SDS - describes properties and use of
substance.
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING. Any specified system, clothing or device, including respirators, worn
to prevent skin contact, inhalation or ingestion of any agrichemicals.
PUBLIC PLACE. Any place freely open to and frequented, or likely to be frequented, by the public.
QUARANTINE. Regulatory control against the introduction and dissemination of plant and animal
pests (animals, insects, weeds and disease-causing organisms) into new areas. Involves
inspection, treatment and destruction of contaminated materials/plants/animals or their parts.
RATE OF APPLICATION. The amount of agrichemical applied to a plant, animal, unit area or
surface.
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REGISTERED CHEMICAL APPLICATOR. Any person who is, for the time being, recognized as
a registered agrichemical applicator in accordance with the scheme of registration conducted by
the New Zealand Agrichemical Education Trust.
REINFORCEMENT. Addition of chemical only to a dip wash.
REPLENISHMENT. Addition of both chemical and water to the dip wash at the initial concentration,
or higher, as recommended on the label.
RESIDUE. The active ingredient or its breakdown product(s) which remains in or on the target or
species immediately following treatment.
RESISTANCE. A genetic change from being sensitive to being resistant, which is passed on to
successive generations. It is not a change in the host or the agrichemical.
RESPIRATOR. Any device that provides protection against the inhalation of any agrichemical by
the process of supplied air or the filtering of air.
RETAILER. Generally taken to mean point of sale of agrichemicals particularly garden centres. For
the purposes of this Standard, these are collectively called suppliers.
RETAIL OUTLET. An area at premises where agrichemicals are displayed for sale to users and
the general public. The term includes any area where agrichemicals are received and stored at
premises prior to being displayed for sale.
RISK. The risk from a substance is the likelihood that it will result in harm to people or the
environment, in the actual circumstances of use. Risk equals hazard multiplied by exposure.
RUN-OFF. The movement of water and associated materials on the soil surface.
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS). A document that describes the properties and uses of a substance,
that is, identity, chemical and physical properties, health hazard information, precautions for use
and safe handling information.
SALVAGE PACKAGING. Packaging into which damaged, defective or leaking packages, or
dangerous goods that have spilled or leaked, are placed for the purpose of transport for recovery
or disposal
SANITARY LANDFILL. Any refuse treatment site, landfill site, recycling facility, or refuse transfer
station the operation of which is under the control of any Central, Regional or Local Government
and has authorized leachate management and disposal.
SCHEDULE HEADING. A heading which may be required by Hazardous Substances and New
Organisms Act, Part XIII, i.e. Deadly Poison, Dangerous Poison, Poison, Caution.
SCHEDULED POISON. A chemical which because of its toxicological properties, use patterns and
potential hazard if misused, is classified according to the Toxic Substances Regulations 1 979 and
amendments.
SEGREGATION. The total physical separation, under transport or in storage, of any agrichemicals
and/or other substances likely to react with, or contaminate other goods.
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SENSITIVE AREA. Areas that have an identified risk profile near an agrichemical application site.
See Appendix G for examples, also local authority air quality plans.
SEPARATION. The isolation of dangerous goods stores from protected places, public places,
boundaries or other dangerous goods stores.
SIGNAGE. Signs or posters displayed inside a facility that:
(a) State hazardous substances are present;
(b) State the general type of hazard of each substance;
(c) Describe the general type of classification of each substance.
Depending on the substance a sign may need to satisfy requirements for legibility and ease of
understanding (Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations).
SOLUTION. Mixture of one or more substances in another substance (usually a liquid) in which all
the ingredients are completely dissolved (e.g. sugar in water).
SOLVENT. A liquid (such as water, oil, xylene or alcohol) which will dissolve another substance
(solid, liquid or gas) to form a solution.
SPOT TREATMENT. Application to small areas.
SPRAY PLAN. A description of an area to be sprayed, including information that adequately
describes the agrichemical application and the methods used to minimise the hazards associated
with any off-target spray drift. See Appendix M4.
SPRAYER/APPLICATION EQUIPMENT. Any mechanical equipment that can be used for the
application of agrichemicals. Sprayers include equipment such as boom, strip and airblast,
knapsack and pressure sprayers, fixed and rotary wing aircraft applicators, dusters, granule
applicators, aerosols, and wick wiper/roller applicators.
STORAGE AREA. Any building or part of a building, including cabinets, used for the storage of any
agrichemical whether continually or occasionally.
STRIPPING. Removal of chemical from the dip or post-harvest treatment.
SUMP. Any tank into which used dip drains and fresh dip is introduced, and from which dip wash
is pumped to the spray nozzles of a shower dip.
SUPPLIER. A person who supplies goods by way of gift, sale, exchange, lease, hire or hire
purchase; and/ or provides, grants or confers services.
NOTE -
(1 ) Refer to the Commerce Act.
(2) The definition is a cut-down version from the Commerce Act: "supply" (a) In relation to goods, includes
supply (or resupply) by way of gift, sale, exchange, lease, hire, or hire purchase; and (b) In relation to
services, includes provide, grant, or confer; and "supply" as a noun, "supplied", and "supplier" have
corresponding meanings.
SURFACTANT. Any chemical that increases the wetting, spreading or penetrability properties of
agrichemicals.
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SUSPENSION. A chemical mixture consisting of fine particles dispersed or floating in a liquid,
usually water or oil (e.g. wettable powders in water).
TARGET AREA. The physical target of the agrichemical application.
TEMPORARY STORAGE. Any site where agrichemicals are held unattended for periods longer
than 24 hours, for example during a large agrichemical application operation.
TERRITORIAL AUTHORITY. A city or district council.
NOTE - Refer to section 2(1) of the Local Government Act.
TEST CERTIFICATE. A certificate issued by a test certifier in accordance with s. 82 of the HSNO
Act which certifies that a requirement specified in the HSNO regulations has been met.
TEST CERTIFIER. A person who is authorized under the HSNO Act to issue test certificates.
TOXIC. Refers to a substance which is poisonous„
TOXIC SUBSTANCE. As defined in the Toxic Substances Act 1 979 to include any Deadly Poison,
Dangerous Poison, Poison or Harmful Substance, and other substances injurious to human health
or the environment.
TOXICITY. The degree or extent to which a chemical or substance is poisonous.
TRACKING. Underthe Hazardous Substances (Tracking) Regulations, the location and movement
of some substances must be recorded at each stage of its life-cycle, though to the point of final
disposal.
TRACK SPACING. Distance between successive passes of application.
TRADE NAME. The name, number or other designation of a specific product or device made by
a manufacturer or formulator, often registered as a trademark.
ULTRA LOW VOLUME (ULV). Sprays which are applied as undiluted formulation at 5 to
6 litres/ ha or less.
UN NUMBER. The number assigned by the United Nations and used to identify (and classify)
particular chemicals.
USER/RURAL USER. Any person who purchases, transports, stores, applies or disposes of any
agrichemical, or who causes any agrichemical to be transported, stored, applied or disposed of.
VACCINES. Preparations of living or dead micro-organisms or their components which will, upon
administration, produce protection against a disease.
VAPOUR PRESSURE. A measure of the extent to which a substance evaporates (becomes a gas
orvapour) under ambient conditions oftemperature and pressure. The higherthe vapour pressure,
the more volatile the chemical and the easier it will evaporate.
VETERINARY MEDICINE. Any substance, mixture of substances, or biological compound used
or intended for use in the direct management of an animal. See also animal remedy.
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VIRUS. Ultramicroscopic parasite composed of proteins and nucleic acids. Viruses can multiply
only in living tissues and cause many animal and plant diseases.
VOLATILITY. The degree to which a substance changes from a liquid or solid state to a gas at
ordinary temperatures when exposed to air.
VOLUME iVIEDIAN DIAMETER (VMD). The droplet diameter (in microns) such that 50 % of the
spray is in droplets of smaller diameter.
WILDLIFE. All animals including insects and fish that are living in a wild or undomesticated state.
WITHHOLDING PERIOD. The minimum time set either voluntarily, or by label or industry
requirement, between completion of the last agrichemical application and the harvesting of any
crop, animal or animal product for either human or animal consumption or use.
A2 Abbreviations
ACC. Accident Compensation Corporation
ACVM. Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (Act and Regulations)
Al. Active ingredient or artificial insemination
BCPC, British Crop Protection Council
CDA. Controlled droplet application
DG. Dangerous Good
DGD. Dangerous Goods Declaration
EEL Environmental exposure limit
EPS. Expanded polystyrene
ERI. Emergency response information
ERMA. Environmental Risk Management Authority
FRR. Fire resistance rating
GAP. Good agricultural practice
GHS, Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals
HSE. Health and Safety in Employment (Act and Regulations)
HDPE, High density polyethylene
HFSP. Hazardous Facilities Screening Procedure
HSNO. Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Act and Regulations)
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IPM. Integrated pest management
ITO. Industry Training Organization
LD50. Lethal dose 50
LDPE. Low density polyethylene
MAP. Ministry of Agriculture and Pisheries
MRL. Maximum residue limit
N.O.S. Not otherwise specified
NZBC. New Zealand Building Code
NZCIC. New Zealand Chemical Industry Council
NZPSA. New Zealand Pood Safety Authority
OSH. Occupational Safety and Health
OTC. Over the counter (medicine)
PAPR. Powered air purifying respirator
PAR. Prescription animal remedy
PET. Polyethylene terephthalate
PG. Packing group
PP. Polypropylene
PRE. Personal protective equipment
PPM. Parts per million
PPVC. Plasticized polyvinyl chloride
PS. Polystyrene
PSC. Product Safety Card
PVC. Polyvinyl chloride
RMA. Resource Management Act
RAPID. Rural Address Property Identification number
RPD. Respiratory protective device
SCBA. Self-contained breathing apparatus
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SDS. Safety Data Sheet
TEL. Tolerable exposure limit
TSO. Transport service operator
LILV. Ultra low volume
UN. United Nations
UNRTDG. United Nations Recommendations on tiie Transport of Dangerous Goods
UPVC. Unplasticized polyvinyl ciiloride
VMD. Volume median diameter
WES. Workplace exposure standard
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APPENDIX B
Legislation and Agrichemical Use
(Informative)
B1 Central Government
This Standard is consistent with current legislation (at date of publication) governing use of
agrichemicals, and in some instances, goes further. The main items of legislation, along with a brief
statement on what each item covers are provided below. Legislation covering specific uses such
as transport is given at the start of the relevant section.
B1 .1 Health and Safety in Employment Act 1 992
This Act relates to the health and safety of employees and other people at work, or affected by the
work of other people. Key points are the elimination and isolation of hazards and protection of
employees from hazards. Other aspects include monitoring; information required to deal with
hazards; training; supervision; health and safety procedures; duties of self-employed people;
principals and employees with respect to safety; accidents; registers; and powers of investigation.
As such it affects the way in which agrichemicals are managed.
The Health and Safety in Employment Regulations 1 995 provides protective clothing requirements.
B1 .2 Health and Safety in Employment Amendment Act 2001
This Act adds to the 1 992 Act specifically in terms of the need for employers and employees to work
together in relation to health and safety measures. This includes a systematic management of
health and safety, defining hazards in a comprehensive way. The amendment also clarifies the
situation regarding the supply of protective equipment by employers. Employers are required to
provide suitable protective clothing and equipment unless the employee provides their own, and the
employer is satisfied that the clothing the employee provides is suitable.
B1 .3 Health and Safety in Employment (Prescribed Matters) Regulations 1993
These regulations cover the registration of accidents, and qualifications required for appointment
as a health and safety inspector.
Regional authorities in the RMA s. 30 have the functions of controlling contaminant discharges and
of controlling the use of land for the purposes of the prevention or mitigation of any adverse effects
of the storage, use, disposal or transportation of hazardous substances. Control of hazardous
substances is a function that may be shared with territorial authorities. These functions are
implemented via objectives, policies and methods in regional policy statements, regional plans and
resource consents. Methods in regional plans include rules. Regional strategies may also be used.
Provisions which could be adopted in regional plans include:
(a) Requiring facilities using significant amounts of hazardous substances to have site management
and contingency plans where the risks and consequences of accidental discharges are high;
(b) Requiring compliance with industry codes of practice;
(c) Requiring discharge permits;
(d) Delineation of areas of environmental vulnerability and control of the use of land in these areas.
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B1.4 Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)
This Act has 3 separate but related functions:
(a) It allocates access to and use of common property natural resources (e.g. fresh, coastal and
groundwater);
(b) It controls the discharge of contaminants (pollutants) to air, land, and all water including fresh,
ground and coastal water; and
(c) It manages the adverse effects of all activities using land, air or water.
The RMA sets out a series of duties and restrictions. Under the Act everyone has a duty to avoid,
remedy or mitigate adverse effects on the environment notwithstanding the requirements of
resource consents.
Under the Act, local authorities are charged with achieving "integrated management of the natural
and physical resources of the region", and are required to draft a regional policy statement. This
plan is designed to support that objective. Local authorities may also draft regional plans, and most
have done this or are in the process of doing so. These plans deal with air, water and soil (land)
and the rules in these plans set out the degree and type of scrutiny of proposals for resource use
and the issue of consents. There are six levels of consents: permitted, controlled, discretionary,
restricted discretionary, non-complying and prohibited. Many of the regional air quality plans
include a specific section on agrichemical use, mainly because of concern about spray drift.
Regional plans dealing with water and soil may also include reference to agrichemical use.
B1 .5 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act (HSNO)
The HSNO Act reformed the law regarding management of hazardous substances and new
organisms in New Zealand. The Act replaced the Dangerous Goods Act, the Explosives Act, the
Pesticides Act and the Toxic Substances Act. Under the HSNO Act, a substance is considered to
be hazardous when it has an effect more hazardous than any one or more of the defined thresholds
for any of the following intrinsic properties:
Explosiveness
Flammability
Oxidizing capacity
Corrosiveness
Toxicity
Ecotoxicity.
A toxic substance is defined as being "capable of causing ill health in, or injury to, human beings"
and an ecotoxic substance as being "capable of causing ill health, injury, or death to any living
organism",
A threshold is the amount or concentration of a substance that is likely to cause an adverse effect
on people or the environment. It is a trigger level for an effect that may, on consideration by the
Authority, require controls on the substance to meet the purpose of the HSNO Act. Table B1
outlines the various HSNO Regulations and summarizes each.
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Table B1 - HSNO regulations summary
HSNO regulation
Number
Title
Comment
2001/112
Minimum Degrees of
Hazard
An agrichemical is not a hazardous substance under
the HSNO Act unless it meets the requirements set out
under six schedules (explosive, flammable, oxidizing,
toxic, corrosive, ecotoxic).
2001/113
Classification
A combination of (9) classes and subclasses (A to E
for each class) to classify hazards (e.g. class 6 is
toxicity).
2001/116
2004/42
Classes 1 to 5 Controls
What controls (e.g. equipment to be used, clothing to
be worn, controls to avoid spills and the need for
approved handlers) for hazardous substances in these
classes.
2001/117
2004/250
Classes 6, 7, 8 and 9
Controls
As for 1 1 6. Note that class 6 (toxic) and 9 (ecotoxic)
cover most agrichemicals. This is where TELs and
EELs are described.
2001/118
2004/253
Packaging
Refers to Schedules 1 to 5 that describe the tests that
packages for the different classes of hazardous
substances must comply with.
2001/119
2004/251
Disposal
The requirements for the variousclasses of hazardous
substances and the related packaging. It refers to
TELs (class 6) and EELS (Class 9) substances. It also
specifies what information the person in charge of
hazardous substances must keep.
2001/120
2004/254
Tracking
This refers to two schedules which lists the hazard
classification of the substances requiring tracking
(schedule 1 ) and what information is to be included in
the record of the tracked substance (schedule 2).
2001/122
2004/257
Personnel Qualifications
In reg. 116 and 117 an approved handler might be
specified in the controls. This reg. describes the
qualifications needed to be an approved handler, test
certifier or hazardous substances enforcement officer.
2001/123
2004/44
Emergency Management
This reg. has 5 schedules that refer to the quantity of
hazardous substance (by class) and hence which of
the three levels of emergency management are
required. Each level is cumulative. Emergency
response plans are also referred to as are signage and
secondary containment.
2001/124
2004/45
Identification
This sets out what identification is required for each
class of hazardous substance (e.g. for class 6, an
indication that it is toxic, the degree of toxicity and any
information relating to restricted access to the
substance). Labelling, documentation, signage and
advertising requirements are set out.
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The HSNO Control Regulations provide for a range of default controls to manage hazardous
substances in order to minimize adverse effects. This group of regulations covers both controls on
the hazardous properties of substances and controls on the life-cycle and infrastructure surrounding
the substances. Tolerable exposure limits and environmental exposure limits are set under these
regulations, as well as requirements relating to tracking of hazardous substances, personnel
qualifications and emergency management procedures.
The Environmental Risk Management Authority's (ERMA's) decisions on hazardous substance
applications and notification of the transfer of substances are published in a Gazette Notice, on its
website http://www.ermanz.govt.nz) and in its publication 'The Bulletin". Controls may be varied
from the defaults, and these sources should therefore be consulted for controls set for specific
substance approvals.
The Supplement to the NZ Gazette No. 72, 2004 contains a number of variations to default controls.
There are close links with the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Act (see
B1 .7) that provide for registering (or exempting) the products of specific producers or manufacturers.
The statutory responsibility for determining whether an agricultural compound is a hazardous
substance in terms of the HSNO Act rests with ERMA. In practice, such determinations are
generally made by the product proprietor.
B1.6 Animal Products Act 1999
The ACVM Act manages any risks that vetehnary medicines might pose to animal welfare,
agricultural security and to trade in primary produce. It also ensures that their use does not result
in residues in food. The latter is managed by applying withholding periods.
B1.7 Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Act 1997
This Act is designed to prevent or manage risks associated with the use of agricultural compounds,
particularly with respect to trade in primary produce, animal welfare and agricultural security. It is
also intended to ensure that domestic food residue standards are not breached by the use of
agrichemical compounds, and that sufficient consumer information is provided about agricultural
compounds. The ACVM Act also has transitional provisions covering the Pesticides Act and the
Animal Remedies Act.
B1.8 The Food Act 1981
The Minister for Food Safety, under s. 11C of the Food Act 1981, issued the following food
standards:
New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards 2002.
Amendment 1 June 2003.
Amendment 2 August 2003.
Amendment 3 December 2003.
Amendment 4 January 2004.
These standards set out the method of calculating residue levels or limits and prescribe the
maximum residue limit (MRL) for a range of foods.
B2 Local Government
Local government consists of 13 regional councils, four unitary authorities (with both regional and
territorial functions), and 74 territorial authorities. These organizations regulate through policies
and plans to ensure sustainable management of the local environment.
Under the RMA each regional authority must draft a regional policy statement identifying significant
environmental issues and responses for the region. Regional authorities may also draft and
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administer a regional plan. The discharge of a contaminant into water or on to land that may result
in the contaminant entering water requires authorization by a regional authority or unitary authority.
The discharge also requires authorization (consent) if it contravenes a rule in a regional plan.
Except for direct discharge into water, it is likely that most agrichemical applications will not require
resource consent, and will be permitted subject to compliance with relevant conditions in a regional
plan and with controls specified in the HSNO approval for the substance concerned.
Territorial authorities are charged with achieving integrated management of the effects of use,
development, or protection of land and associated natural and physical resources of the district.
Territorial authorities must draft district plans that identify significant environmental issues related
to land use.
Agrichemical users should be aware of the requirements of regional and district councils that refer
to agrichemicals. The air quality plans being prepared by many local authorities typically include
a section on agrichemical use. District plans prepared by territorial local authorities may include
sections addressing the use and storage of hazardous substances including agrichemicals, and
may apply the Hazardous Facility Screening Procedure (HFSP), in relation to resource consent
requirements.
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APPENDIX C
Agrichemical Use
(Informative)
C1 Introduction
C1.1
Agrichenriicals covered in this Standard include plant protection products (e.g. insecticides,
fungicides and herbicides), veterinary nnedicines (dips and drenches), fumigants and detergents
and sanitizers (where relevant see 1 .1 .1 (e)) used for food production on farms. Of the range of
factors that govern the selection and use of these products the most important is the identification
of need - what is the problem and what will use of the agrichemical achieve? The factors that then
need to be considered include:
(a) Product label claims (efficacy, mode of action);
(b) Hazards, including toxicity (schedule heading) and environmental (spray drift, water and soil
contamination, environmental persistence);
(c) Animal welfare;
(d) Resistance;
(e) Withholding periods;
(f) Residues and contamination;
(g) Destination market requirements.
CI .2
There are a range of information sources to help in the decision-making on the selection of the right
product. These include:
(a) Agrichemicals (plant protection products and herbicides):
(i) General guides e.g. Novachem Manual, NZ Agrichemical Manual
(ii) Agricultural and horticultural consultants;
(b) Veterinary medicines:
(i) General guides e.g. New Zealand Index of Veterinarian Specialities Annual
(ii) Suppliers of veterinary medicines
(iii) Veterinarians;
(c) Fumigants:
(i) Specialist publications
(ii) Consultants;
(d) Detergents and sanitizers:
(i) Consultants
(ii) Technical data from suppliers.
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C2 Agrichemical Use and the HSNO Act
C2.1 Hazard classifications
The classification systems for the HSNO hazardous properties are set out in Schedules 1 to 6 of
the Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations 200 1 . The classification systems comprise
numbered classes (e.g. Class 6) indicating the intrinsic hazardous property, numbered subclasses
(e.g. subclass 6. 1 ) indicating the type of hazard, and lettered categories (e.g. Category A) indicating
the degree of hazard. An exception to this is with explosive substances where they are classified
into both a subclass (indicating the type of explosive hazard) and a category (indicating compatibility
groupings) in the combinations permitted by the LIN Recommendations on the Transport of
Dangerous Goods Model Regulations (UNRTDG). Categories for explosive substances do not
indicate the degree of hazard.
The combination of numbers and letters used in the classification system (e.g. 6.1 A) constitutes a
hazard classification of a substance.
The classes for the hazardous properties are as follows:
Class 1 Explosiveness
Class 2 Flammability, gases
Class 3 Flammability, liquids
Class 4 Flammability, solids
Class 5 Oxidizing capacity
Class 6 Toxicity
Class 8 Corrosiveness
Class 9 Ecotoxicity.
Class 7 is unallocated in the HSNO classification system as it is reserved for radioactivity which is
outside the scope of the HSNO Act. Class 7 is used in the United Nations classification system for
the Transport of Dangerous Goods for radioactive materials. In New Zealand, these substances
are covered by the Radiation Protection Act which is administered by the National Radiation
Laboratory of the Ministry of Health.
Similarly, subclass 6.2 is unallocated in the HSNO classification system fortoxicity, as it is reserved
in the UN system for the Transport of Dangerous Goods for infectious substances. These are also
outside the scope of the hazardous substances part of the HSNO Act.
NOTE - Refer to the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA) for more information.
70
Table C1 - Hazard classifications for Class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 substances
Property
Explosiveness
Flammability
Capacity to oxidize
Class
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Subclass
1.1
Mass
explosion
1.2
Projection
1.3
Fire&
mirror
blast
1.4
No
significant
hazard
1.5
Very
in-
sensitive
1.6
Extremely
in-
sensitive
2.1.1
Gases
2.1.2
Aerosols
3.1
Liquids
3.2
Liquid
desensitized
explosive
4.1.1
Readily
combus-
tible
4.1.2
Self
reactive
4.1.3
Solid
desensitized
explosive
4.2
Spontaneously
combus-
tible
4.3
Dangerous
when
wet
5.1.1
Liquids/
solids
5.1.2
Gases
5.2
Organic
peroxide
Hazard
classific-
ation
1.1A
2.1. 1A
2.1.2A
3.1A
3.2A
4.1. 1A
4.1. 2A
4.1.3A
4.2A
4.3A
5.1. 1A
5.1.2A
5.2A
1.1B
1.2B
1.4B
2.1. IB
3.1B
3.2B
4.1. 1B
4.1. 2B
4.1. 3B
4.2B
4.3B
5.1. IB
5.2B
1.1C
1.2C
1.3C
1.4C
3.1C
3.2C
4.1. 2C
4.1.3C
4.2C
4.3C
5.1. 1C
5.2C
1,1D
1.2D
1.4D
1.5D
3.1D
4.1. 2D
5.2D
LIE
1.2E
1.4E
4.1. 2E
5.2E
1.1F
1.2F
1.3F
1.4F
4.1.2F
5.2F
1.1G
1.2G
1.3G
1.4G
4.1.2G
5.2G
1.2H
1.3H
1.1J
1.2J
1.3J
1.2K
1.3K
1,1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.6N
1.4S
N
O)
CO
o
5?
ro
o
o
Appendixc
■-si
Table C2 - Hazard classifications for Class 6, 8 and 9 substances
Property
Toxicity
Corrosiveness
Ecotoxicity
Class
Class 6
Class 8
Class 9
Sub-class
6.1
Acutely
toxic
6.3
Skin
irritant
6.4
Eye
irritant
6.5
Sensitiz-
ation
6.6
Mutagen
6.7
Carcinogen
6.8
Reproductive/
developmental
6.9
Target
organ
systemic
8.1
Metallic
corrosive
8.2
Skin
corrosive
8.3
Eye
corrosive
9.1
Aquatic
9.2
Soil
9.2
Terrestrial
vertebrate
9.4
Terrestrial
Invertebrate
Hazard
classific-
ation
6.1A
6.3A
6.4A
6.5A
6.6A
6.7A
6.8A
6.9A
8.1A
8.2A
8.3A
9.1A
9.2A
9.3A
9.4A
6.1B
6-3B
6.5B
6.6B
6.7B
6.8B
6-9B
8.2B
9.1B
9.2B
9.3B
9.4B
6.1C
6.8C
8.2C
9.1C
9.2C
9.3C
9.4C
6.1D
9. ID
9.2D
6.1E
N
CO
00
o
CO
fo
o
o
NZS 8409:2004
C2.2 Controls
While most agrichemicals, including all those intended for use as pesticides, are considered
hazardous substances under the HSNO Act, the controls imposed on the use of any given
agrichemical will depend on the degree of risk arising throughout its life-cycle. Some agrichemicals
will have a limited/simple set of controls only while other, more hazardous agrichemicals will have
more comprehensive controls.
There are two main types of controls:
(a) Hazardous property controls - These relate to the hazardous property (e.g. explosives,
flammability, oxidizing capacity, toxicity, and corrosiveness) and ecotoxicity of the substance.
Most of the agrichemicals and veterinary medicines covered in this Standard will be classified
in the toxicity class and ecotoxicity class, with some in the corrosiveness and oxidizing capacity
classes. Many of the fumigants will be in the toxicity hazard class while detergents and sanitizers
are likely to be in the corrosiveness or oxidizing capacity classes;
(b) Pan life-cycle controls - These deal with the life-cycle management of actual substances in
terms of their packaging, identification, emergency management, disposal, tracking and the
competency of the person using the substance.
For hazardous substances, certain information must be available within a set time.
Item
Time
Priority identifiers e.g. schedule heading or pictogram
2 seconds
Secondary identifiers e.g. what the substance is and what the
hazards are
10 seconds
Location of a tracked substance in a store
2 minutes
Quantities of hazardous substances held e.g. in a store
5 minutes
Information on the hazards associated with the substances stored
10 minutes
For agrichemical users, the key points are:
(a) Know the controls assigned to the substance by the Authority (ERMA);
(b) For some agrichemicals, users will need to be an approved handler.
C3 Agrichemical Use and the ACVM Act
Agrichemicals should be used as recommended in the product information, and in particular, on the
label.
Agrichemicals other than veterinary medicines may be used in a manner not specified in the product
information, but this is at the user's risk. No endorsement or warranty may be assumed for that use.
The responsibility for violative residues and liability for damage or loss caused by the unspecified
use must be accepted by the user.
C3.1 Residues and withholding periods
The amount of agrichemical that remains on a plant or in an animal following treatment can vary
greatly. Where a withholding period has been set, it allows the residues to fall below the Maximum
Residue Limit (MRL).
Before any agrichemicals can be labelled for use on any food crop or registered for animal use, an
MRL must be established if the residues exceed 0.1 mg/kg (0.1 ppm) (or if a residue below this level
73
NZS 8409:2004
is still a problem with respect to toxicity). The 0.1 ppm level does not apply il a lower MRL has been
set on the basis of the higher toxicity of the material.
To establish an MRL, the use-pattern and the decline of residues with time are considered. Many
factors influence the amount, nature and distribution of potential residues, ranging from the
chemical formulation and metabolism, dose or application rate and method of application, to the
interval between the last application of the agrichemicals and the harvest of the crop, slaughter of
animals or grazing of livestock. Tests determine how much of the agrichemical or its metabolites
remain on or in a crop or animal when the proposed treatment is made under Good Agricultural
Practice.
The withholding period data on labels (Appendix D) is the time needed to allow the residues in the
plant or animal to fall below the MRL set. Selling produce that has excess residues is illegal. Export
produce that is found to have excess residues (greaterthan the MRL) is normally dumped, at great
cost to the grower and exporter.
Currently MRLs are set in the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds)
Food Standards. A searchable list of MRLs can be found at www.nzsfa.govt.nz/acvm/registers-
lists/nz-mrl/index.htm.
C3.2 Use outside conditions (off-label use)
If a product is used in an unspecified manner, the user must ensure that:
(a) Residues of any substance in the produce do not exceed the maximum residue limit (MRL) in
the New Zealand (Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds) Food Standards;
(b) Residues do not exceed any specified trade MRL set by MAF;
(c) Any animals exposed to or treated with the product do not suffer unnecessary pain or distress.
It is an offence to sell any primary produce that contains residues that exceed the MRL in the New
Zealand Food Residue Standards. Since there will be no information provided with the product for
unspecified uses, the user will have to find out what would be adequate measures to ensure that
residues, or unnecessary pain and distress to animals do not occur. Information contained in this
Standard is designed to assist a user to do that.
Under Schedule 1 of the ACVM Regulations, compounds that are not trade name products can be
used as agricultural compounds by persons on their own land without registering the compounds
as trade name products. The requirements are set out in the Standard of Practice for Own Use of
Compounds, issued by the ACVM Group of NZFSA (and available on the ACVM website). This
code covers the management of risks to:
(a) Animal welfare;
(b) Trade in primary produce;
(c) Agricultural security.
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NZS 8409:2004
C4 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
C4.1 What is IPM?
The following is the definition of IPM adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations in its International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides (Article 2):
"Integrated Pest Management is a pest management system that, in the context of the associated
environment and the population dynamics of the pest species, utilizes all suitable techniques and
methods in as compatible a manner as possible and maintains the pest population at levels below
those causing economically unacceptable damage or loss."
C4,2 By all suitable means
IPM allows farmers to control diseases, insects, weeds and other pests in a cost-effective,
environmentally and socially acceptable way. The key words are "all suitable techniques."
Successful practitioners of IPM evaluate the potential cost effectiveness of each alternative as well
as the whole control strategy. Accountability for implementation of IPM ultimately rests with the
producer. It will only be adopted if it is seen to be practical and to add value to production.
Many IPM alternatives are preventative or indirect crop protection measures. These include time-
honoured agronomic treatments like breeding, crop rotation, irrigation management, and effective
crop husbandry. They also include practices that maintain adequate populations of beneficial
insects. New technologies also come into play. Biotechnology, for example, can impart pest
resistance into a crop from a third organism. Also included are legal parameters such as crop export
quarantines that ensure crops bound for market are pest-free and healthy to eat. Other IPM
alternatives are classified as interventional or direct. These include chemical control; bio-control,
for example, using an insect predator to control a pest; and cultural and sanitation methods that
remove alternative host plants and destroy pest habitat.
C5 Veterinary Medicines (Animal Remedies)
C5.1 Background
Products formerly known as animal remedies are now called veterinary medicines. Both terms are
used in this Standard.
Many of the important aspects to consider in achieving pest and disease control in animals are
similar to those outlined for pest and disease control in plants. However, there are additional factors
75
NZS 8409:2004
to consider such as animal welfare, and the potential for residues in different tissues (milk and/or
meat, wool) or in offspring. A number of Codes of Recommendations and Minimum Standards for
the welfare of animals provide information on animal welfare (see http://www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/
animal-welfare/codes).
C5,2 Use of veterinary medicines (animal remedies)
Under the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act, all products used to manage
animals are veterinary medicines. Some products used on animals do not require registration under
the ACVM Act and are referred to as "exempt from registration". These include topical products
such as hoof creams, non-medicated oral nutritional supplements, some antiseptics and many
others. Exempted products carry no ACVM registration number on the label.
Some veterinary medicines registered under the ACVM Act can be sold freely without prescription,
and are termed "over the counter" (OTC) products. They can be obtained and used by non-
veterinarians. They carry "conditions of registration" and may be used only in accordance with
those conditions, unless "discretionary use" is authorized by a veterinarian. OTC products must not
be used in a manner specifically prohibited in the conditions of registration.
Veterinary medicines are classed as prescription animal remedies (PARs) if a veterinary prescription
is required before the product can be purchased or used. They also carry "conditions of registration"
and may be used only in accordance with the conditions, unless "discretionary use" is authorized
by a veterinarian. A veterinarian prescribing a PAR will issue instructions for its use. Veterinary
medicines that are classed under HSNO as hazardous substances or new organisms must be used
in accordance with applicable HSNO controls.
C5.3 Discretionary use
A veterinary medicine (PAR) is sometimes required to be used in a way that is not included in the
general conditions of registration of the product. This is termed "discretionary" or "off-label" use and
may include use in a species for which It is not registered, use at a different dose rate, by a different
route of administration or for a different disease condition from that in the conditions of registration.
Discretionary use also refers to use in animals of human medicines and of preparations specially
compounded by a veterinarian.
Discretionary use can be authorized only by a veterinarian, who must advise the owner in writing
of the discretionary use.
C5.4 Own use
Under Schedule 1 of the ACVM Regulations, compounds that are not trade name products can be
used as agricultural compounds by persons treating their own animals on their own land without
registering the compounds as trade name products. The requirements are set out in the Code of
Practice for Own Use of Compounds, issued by the ACVM Group of MAP (and available on the
ACVM website). This code covers the management of risks to:
(a) Animal welfare;
(b) Trade in primary produce;
(c) Agricultural security.
C5.5 Ectoparasiticides (dips) and anthelmintics (drenches)
This is a brief summary only. If in doubt consult a veterinarian.
NOTE - Animal Welfare and Advisory Committee, MAP may be consulted or see web page www.maf.g0vt.n2/
biosecurity/animal-welfare/nawac/.
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NZS 8409:2004
C5.5.1 Ectoparasiticides
Forectoparasiticides, awareness, field observation, and correct identification of the target pest is
important; with the veterinarian a prime source of information. Among the factors to consider in
selection of the animal remedy to use are:
(a) Animal safety (age of the animal can be an important consideration e.g. lambs vs. older sheep);
(b) Human safety (sensitization, toxicity);
(c) Withholding period (e.g. residues in wool, milk and meat);
(d) Spectrum of activity (lice only, fly and lice, ticks only);
(e) Efficacy of product.
As with the other agrichemicals, most veterinary medicines carry withholding periods, i.e. periods
within which animals may not be slaughtered, their products processed, manufactured or used for
human consumption following treatment.
C5.5.2 Anthelmintics
The important points relating to the use of anthelmintics (including pour-ons, and injectables) are:
(a) Frequency of use;
(b) Form of available anthelmintic (oral drench, injectable, pour-on, controlled release);
(c) Ensuring adequate (correct) dose volume;
(d) Rotation of drench type, to avoid resistance, (a useful discipline but less important than other
aspects of anthelmintic use);
(e) Drenching stock of appropriate age or parasite status;
(f) Use in a preventative capacity for parasite control;
(g) Administration method.
For up-to-date information seek advice from a veterinarian.
C6 Fumigants
The effective and safe use of fumigants is dependent on a good knowledge of both the chemicals
that are used and the procedures employed in fumigating. Personnel using fumigants should have
practical knowledge of the pests they are dealing with, they should know the hazards involved in
using fumigants and they should be familiar with methods of detection and analysis. Also, they
should know safety and first aid procedures and have some knowledge of official regulations
governing the use of these materials.
Systematic planning of every stage of a fumigation operation from initial planning to final clearance
of fumigant is essential. Planning should include the following steps:
(a) Preliminary inspection of facilities to be fumigated;
(b) Arrangements with officials and personnel, plus notification of appropriate authorities (e.g. fire,
police);
77
NZS 8409:2004
(c) Materials required for the fumigation;
(d) Duties to be performed by each individual of the fumigation crew;
(e) Preparation of the facility to be treated;
(f) Pre-application procedures;
(g) Fumigant application and operations to be performed during the treatment (surveillance for
leaks, analysis of concentrations);
(h) Aeration and post-fumigation procedures.
(i) A checklist that gives a record of all equipment required and all duties to be performed should
be made.
C7 Detergents and Sanitizers
C7.1 Safe procedures
Detergents and sanitizers include substances that may be strongly acid or strongly alkaline. Basic
safety precautions include:
(a) Carry liquids only in closed containers;
(b) Avoid breathing fumes and be careful of splashes on the skin and in the eyes;
(c) Do not pour liquids above your head, (e.g. into a milk vat);
(d) When mixing:
(i) Add acids to water not water to acid
(ii) Dissolve caustics in cold water not hot water
(iii) Do not mix chlorinated alkaline with acid and do not allow these chemicals to mix in a
common drain
(iv) Do not pour concentrated alkaline or acid material on metal
(e) Many detergents and sanitizers will make concrete or other hard surfaces slippery.
C7,2 Effective cleaning
There are four elements to effective cleaning:
(a) Residence time - The correct amount of time for the chemical to be in contact with the surfaces
to be cleaned or sanitized;
(b) Amount - The correct amount of chemical used;
(c) Temperature - Maintaining the correct temperature for the required residence time;
(d) Agitation - Making sure that the chemical is properly mixed and that all the surfaces to be
cleaned are brought into contact with the chemical.
78
NZS 8409:2004
C7.3 Legislation
Where detergents and sanitizers are in use in the dairy and meat industry, their use is regulated via
the Animal Products and Dairy Industry Acts. There is a chemical approval system but It does not
have any specific labelling requirements other than to ensure that the conditions applied to the
approval relating to directions for use are clearly stated on the label or supplied in the accompanying
documentation, (e.g. if the sanitizer must be washed from the surface prior to use, this must be
stated). The product must have a product name on the label. The approval looks for effective
hygiene and no adverse food safety or other side effects for usage per instructions. The approval
also requires the label to have panels for caution, first aid and company contacts.
The NZFSA web site (www.nzfsa.govt.nz/dairy/registers/sanltisers.htm) provides a list of approved
detergent and sanitizers under the Dairy Industry Regulations. This has some information on
product name, type and use.
C8 Resistance to Agrichemicals
The development of resistance to agrichemicals can be defined as the ability of a proportion of the
pest, parasite or micro-organism population to survive applications of a chemical applied at the rate
that was formerly effective. Once resistance has developed it is largely irreversible with current
knowledge and technology.
The development of resistance is influenced by a number of factors, including:
(a) Genetic (genes conferring resistance);
(b) Biological (type of reproduction);
(c) Type and frequency of agrichemical used.
C8.1 Animal health
C8.2 Plant health
Seek expert guidance. Become informed on
the population dynamics of the major parasites.
Work to a plan.
Aim to reduce selection pressure with pesticides
by using a range of control measures, rather
than a single approach.
Know the resistance status of the flock (herd)
and farm. Keep records of anthelmintics used
(Appendix C) and have faecal egg counts and
larval cultures carried out on a regular basis
(both for monitoring and for drench testing).
Keep good records of pesticide use, and
recognize the different pesticide classes of the
products you use-
Ask to see appropriate records for all stock
brought onto the farm.
Use products from different pesticide classes
as far as possible, e.g. on rotation, or limited to
parts of the season, as appropriate.
Use anthelmintics at the optimum (i.e. label)
rate. Lower doses may select for resistance,
and accentuate the risk of not achieving
satisfactory control. Similarly there is no point
in increasing the dose, as the extra cost will not
be returned in improved control. The drench
dose should be set for the heaviest animal in
the mob. Weigh a number of animals to get this
information.
Consult and. follow specific resistance
management guidelines where available,
especially for insects and diseases with known
cases of resistance.
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NZS 8409:2004
Drench only those classes of livestock that will
gain benefit. Generally, only lambs and calves
in their first year are at risk and require
protection. While mature stock will acquire
immunity, usually tolerating a worm burden
without loss of performance, treatment may still
be needed to prevent pasture larval
contamination and cross infection of stock. See
the Code of Recommendations and Minimum
Standards.
Use correct label rates. Lower doses may
contribute to poor control and select for
resistance, although poor control is not always
the result of resistance.
Calibrate application equipmentfrequently, and
follow application guidelines. Drench only when
required. Treatment should be dictated by the
plan and by good management, not the
calendar. As a general rule, treat only those
animals that require it. Calibrate equipment
frequently, and follow use guidelines to ensure
correct dose of anthelmintic.
Calibrate application equipment frequently, and
follow application guidelines.
There is some evidence that "rotating" from one
action family of drenches to another, using a
single action family, or combination product, for
a single season has benefits. Such rotation
should be guided by the resistance status,
determined from faecal egg counts. Get advice
for specific situations.
Treat only the minimum part of the pest
populations, for example by identifying the
location of outbreaks on the property, rather
than the whole property.
Take into account the interaction of the worm
burden in the flock (herd) and on the pasture. A
pre-lambing or early lactation treatment of the
ewes can prevent the build up of worm eggs on
the pasture that typically follows lambing.
Monitor the levels of pests and diseases, and
use treatment thresholds where available (note
that thresholds are increasingly available for
many pests and diseases).
Plan grazing management so that young stock
are not exposed to contaminated pasture.
Remove plant residues from the crop to reduce
pest and disease innoculum, and use other
cultural controls as far as possible.
For more information contact a veterinarian.
For more information, contact: The Secretary,
NZ Plant Protection Society, http://
www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/nzppsA
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NZS 8409:2004
C9 Agrichemical Application Record Sheet
C9.1 General
The HSNO regulations specify requirements for keeping records of agrichemical use based on the
classification of the chemical and the circumstances of that use, e.g. will the public be present or
is it likely the chemical will leave the application site and enter water or the air. Users should check
the PSC for details of the required record keeping. These records must be available to an
enforcement officer on request and can be used as evidence for a defence if legal action is taken.
There are other important reasons to keep good records:
(a) A local authority air, water or soil plan may require records of agrichemical use to be kept, in
accordance with this Standard;
(b) If agrichemical users become involved with possible off-target spray complaints, good records
of actual agrichemical use will be essential (Appendix G).
Other benefits of good record keeping are:
(a) Anticipation of pest problems;
(b) Planning of integrated control programmes;
(c) Easier, more accurate budgeting;
(d) Performance data on agrichemical used (what happened last time);
(e) Reference in the event of litigation.
The amount of detail will depend on the circumstances. Minimal records are needed for the ad hoc
use of herbicides for controlling vegetation around a yard for example where a simple note in a diary
might be enough, whereas detailed records may be appropriate for more widespread herbicide
application or for some insecticides and fungicides, particularly for export crops. In many situations,
a map of the application area and any sensitive areas will be needed.
C9.2 Example of recording sheet
The following recording sheet, table C3, indicates the amount of detail that may be important to
satisfy HSNO and other requirements. Consider using separate specific record sheets for animal
and plant health products.
NOTE-
(1) Some industries operate their own spray diary system which specifies the information required.
(2) In many instances, existing legislation already requires proper records to be kept, for example develvetting
(Animal Remedies Regulations) and vaccination for Leptospirosis (OSH). Billing records kept by
veterinarians detailing the drugs used and administered or prescribed will often suffice.
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NZS 8409:2004
Table C3 - Suggested agrichemical use record sheet
Name:
Date:
Start and finish time of application:
Location:
Agrichemical(s) used (Trade name):
Target of use (e.g. pest, disease, weed, parasite):
Application rate/dosage (a) Chemical:
(b) Total volume (kg or litres per ha):
Application method (e.g. boomspray, shower dip):
Additives used (including foliar feeds):
Weather conditions (wind speed, direction, relative humidity, temperature):
Sensitive areas (location map of application area, nature and location of sensitive area,
neighbours notified):
Other comments (e.g. factors which may influence effectiveness of the agrichemical used, such
as growth stage of crop, age of stock, or any spillages. Also any agrichemical situation or
incident, and action taken, including variations to spray plan):
Results achieved (note that this can only be filled in later, but the information is important in
planning future agrichemical use):
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NZS 8409:2004
APPENDIX D
Product Data
(Informative)
D1 Introduction
Product information and data on registered agrichemicals and registered veterinary medicines is
available and essential for the safe responsible and effective use of agrichemicals. The product
label is the first source of information, but space limits the data available. This appendix provides
details on the various other sources of information.
If an agrichemical is exempt from ACVM registration the user should still follow the use instructions
provided with the product. If the user is considering using the product for any other purpose he/she
must comply with the general specifications below relating to off-label uses.
Chemicals or technical grade substances (including homeopathic, herbal, chemical mixtures) may
be compounded or mixed and used as agrichemicals without ACVM registration only if the resulting
treatment is prepared by a person for use by that person on animals or plants owned by that person,
or in any land, place, or water owned or occupied by that person (refer to the Standard of Practice
for Own Use of Compounds). If a contractor is involved, that involvement must be with the full
knowledge and consent of the owner/occupier who must carry the full responsibility for the use and
any consequential effects.
D2 Product Labels
D2.1 Legislation
The product label conveys information that is needed to achieve safe, responsible and effective
use. Under the ACVM Act there are some items that must appear on the product label of
registered agrichemicals. Labels for products exempt from registration must also comply with the
requirements of the ACVM Regulations. Under the ACVM Act the emphasis is now on the
conditions that go with the registration. Where conditions are applied to the ACVM registration of
an agrichemical product that defines, directs or restricts its use, the user of that product has to
comply with those conditions.
The Hazardous Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard) Regulations set out the basis on which
a given substance is hazardous under the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act
(HSNO). Agrichemicals may be covered by more than one hazard classification (e.g. toxic,
corrosive, flammable and ecotoxic) and the labelling requirements under the HSNO Act are very
substance specific, and often complex.
During the transition period for HSNO and ACVM regulations existing substances will still be
covered by the Toxic Substances Regulations, in which case the labelling requirements outlined
in D2.2 and D6 apply.
D2.2 Registered agrichemicals and veterinary medicines
Certain information that is required on the label of the end-use product is applicable to both the
HSNO and ACVM Acts. The regulatory statements that must be included on the label are to be
distinguishable from those of the registrant.
The text and pictures must be clear, in English and readily understandable. The label must be
durable for the lifetime of the product.
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NZS 8409:2004
The label of the contained substance must include, where required, information relating to:
Trade name
Emergency management (first aid, poisoning symptoms, spillage)
Tracking (where relevant)
Active ingredient and formulation
Claims and directions for use
Schedule heading
ACVM Registration approval statement; HSNO approval number (optional)
Registrant details / New Zealand agent details (if registrant resides overseas)
Precautions / adverse effects (compatibilities) and centra-indications (veterinary medicines)
Net contents
Withholding period
Animal treatment only / PAR statement
Batch number
Expiry date (if less than 2 years for pesticides, compulsory for veterinary medicines)
Storage / shelf life statement.
Under the HSNO Act there is no formal label approval process. The responsibility is with the
supplier to identify the relevant controls imposed. However, ERMA can provide advice as to
whether a label statement meets the performance requirements of the substance approval.
NOTE - Only the label content relevant to the ACVM Act is approved by the ACVM Group within the NZ Food
Safety Authority (NZFSA), rather than the final label.
D3 Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
NOTE - See, for example, the New Zealand Chemical Industry Council Code of Practice for Safety Data
Sheets.
D3.1 Advice to employees and employers
The purpose of the SDS is to advise employers and workers of acceptable preventative action for
averting occupational injuries and diseases in relation to workplace hazards, and for avoiding
damage to the environment.
D3.2 General requirements
In general terms, the SDS should cover:
(a) What the hazards of the agrichemical are;
(b) How to use the product safely;
(c) What to expect if the recommendations are not followed;
(d) What to do if accidents occur;
(e) How to recognize symptoms of overexposure;
(f) What to do if such incidents occur; and
(g) How to prevent adverse environmental effects.
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D3.3 Specific requirements
A SDS for a specific hazardous substance should provide information in the following sections:
(a) Identification;
(b) Hazard(s) identification;
(c) Composition and information on ingredients;
(d) First-aid measures;
(e) Fire-fighting measures;
(f) Spillage, accidental release measures;
(g) Handling and storage;
(h) Exposure controls and personal protection;
(i) Physical and chemical properties;
(j) Stability and reactivity;
(k) Toxicological information;
(I) Ecological information;
(m) Disposal considerations;
(n) Transport information;
(o) Regulatory information;
(p) Other information.
D4 Product Safety Card (PSC)
D4.1 General
A PSC is a condensed version of the information present on the SDS. The detail In a SDS may in
some cases far exceed the information routinely required to safely manage and transport the
product, including using it in the workplace. Furthermore, vital safety information spread throughout
an SDS can be difficult to quickly access and interpret in an emergency situation. In situations where
an SDS may not be appropriate or convenient, the PSC offers an alternative means of presenting
key product information to help with product management or in the workplace.
D4.2 Availability
To meet the most common user requirements, manufacturers are being encouraged to provide a
simplified and more "user friendly" version of an SDS which:
(a) Is compliant with Health and Safety (HSE) and HSNO legislation;
(b) Reflects international best practice;
85
NZS 8409:2004
(c) Can be used in various applications, e.g.
(i) Attached to a product
(ii) Enlarged and displayed as a wall poster
(iii) Used as the mandatory Consignment Documentation, e.g. Dangerous Goods Declaration
(DGD) for transport, and emergency response information
(iv) Further condensed as a Product Safety Tag.
D5 ACVM Register
The information provided with the product will specify the uses that are recommended by the
registrant and approved by the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Group of the
New Zealand Food Safety Authority. However, there may be other uses that are also approved but
not specifically recommended by the registrant of the product. These may not be listed in the
information provided with the product. When considering a use that is not specif ied, the user should
check the public ACVM register for the product, if it is registered, to see if the use is specifically
approved or specifically prohibited.
NOTE - See www.nzsfa.govt.nz/acvm.
D6 Toxic Substances Schedule Headings
Toxic substances are classified into four schedules under the Toxic Substances Act, with each
schedule indicated by signal words or phrases. With the transfer of pesticides to HSNO on 1 July
2004, a transitional period will allow both types of labels in the marketplace (see D2.1).
The current signal words or phrases are:
(a) DEADLY POISON - Available to authorized persons only
Keep out of reach of children;
(b) DANGEROUS POISON -Available to authorized persons only
Keep out of reach of children;
(c) POISON - Keep out of reach of children;
(d) CAUTION - Keep out of reach of children.
Deadly and Dangerous Poison must also be accompanied by a skull and crossbones symbol as
prescribed in the Toxic Substances Regulations.
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NZS 8409:2004
Table D1 - Hazard classification based on laboratory animal toxicity data (LDgg)
Class and schedule number
Oral LD50
(mg/kg)
Dermal LD50
(mg/kg)
Solids
Liquids
Solids
Liquids
DEADLY POISON 1
<5
<20
<10
<40
DANGEROUS POISON 2
5-50
20-200
10-100
40-400
POISON 3
50-500
200-2000
100-1000
400-4000
CAUTION 4
500-5000
2000-5000
>1000
>4000
NON-SCHEDULED 5
>5000
>5000
NA
NA
NOTE - Schedule headings take no account of the hazard in terms of ecotoxicity, in particular (see
Appendix C2.1 and table CI for further information on hazard classifications).
D7 HAZCHEM Code
The HAZCHEM code provides immediate action details for the initial emergency management of
a fire or spill involving agrichemicals. The code consists of a number followed by a letter. In some
cases there is a second letter, "E". The number indicates the most suitable medium for fire fighting.
The first letter provides information as to the most suitable protective clothing, whether the chemical
can be reactive and whether the chemical needs to be contained or diluted. The letter "E" requires
the evacuation of the hazard area to be considered.
Table D2 - HAZCHEM numbers
1
JETS
2
FOG
3
FOAM
4
DRY AGENT
Table D3 - HAZCHEM letters
p
V
FULL
DILUTE
R
Sor@
V
BA
TorH
BA
W
V
FULL
CONTAIN
X
Yoria
V
BA
ZorB
BA
Consider Evacuation
NOTE-
(1) FOG - In the absence of fog equipment a fine spray mist may be used.
(2) DRY AGENT - Water must not come into contact with the substance at risk.
(3) V - Can be violently or even explosively reactive.
(4) FULL - Full body protective clothing with breathing apparatus,
(5) BA - Breathing apparatus plus protective gloves.
(6) DILUTE - May be washed to drain with large quantities of water, however due care must be taken to avoid
pollution of water courses.
(7) CONTAIN - Prevent spillage from entering waterways, by any available means.
(8) CONSIDER EVACUATION -This is the first priority. In case of doubt evacuate the immediate vicinity and
request Police assistance.
(9) Where the letter is depicted in "reverse", in a black box, or in brackets, this is no longer significant and is
being phased out. BA is worn at all incidents.
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NZS 8409:2004
D8 Relationship between schedule heading, packing group and hazard
classification for toxic substances
These classification categories (from HSNO, Toxic Substances Act, UNRTDG) do not relate
exactly to each other. The relationship based oral LD50 for liquids is shown in table D4.
Table D4 - Relationships between schedule heading, hazard classification
and packing group
20
LD50 Oral liquids (mg/kg body weight)
50 200 300 500 2,000
5,000
Schedule
heading
HSNO
class 6.1
Packing
group
;s;f ' i/^?'■^,
Ml:", 'r'ypkr^
;:::;; Deadly .M
;:■: poison H
^^^^W
\ iisUSIs
^M
\ |||;|^ti^^
:- ^m.^-^
lil
20
50
200 300
500
2,000
5,000
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NZS 8409:2004
Appendix E
Agrichemical Poisoning and First Aid
(Informative)
E1 General
Where agrichemical poisoning is suspected, the recommended procedure is:
(a) Make sure it is safe to help the patient;
(b) Remove the patient from the contamination source;
(c) Make sure the patient is breathing;
(d) Seek immediate medical assistance if the patient is not breathing - Dial 111; otherwise
(e)Call the National Poisons Centre for advice - 0800 POISON (764 766);
(f) Remove contaminated clothing from the patient, taking care not to contaminate yourself.
E2 First Aid
Immediate first aid advice is provided on the agrichemical container label. Read the label. Focus
on the warning and precautions part of the label.
The following procedures may be followed where the label Is unreadable or unavailable. The
procedures are based around the following possible contamination sources.
E2.1 Inhaled chemicals
Where inhaled chemicals are suspected, the recommended procedure is:
(a) Loosen tight clothing and check airway, breathing and circulation;
(b) Give oxygen if available;
(c) Keep the patient warm and comfortable;
(d) Seek medical attention, dial 1 1 1 , or call 0800 POISON (764 766).
E2.2 Skin contamination
Where skin contamination is suspected, the recommended procedure is:
(a) Loosen tight clothing, remove contaminated clothing and check airway, breathing and circulation,
avoiding self-contamination;
(b) Wash contaminated skin thoroughly with plenty of cold water and soap. Avoid getting
contaminant on your own skin. Continue washing skin with water for at least 15 minutes;
(c) Treat chemical burns as you would a thermal burn;
(d) Keep the patient warm and comfortable;
(e) Seek medical attention, dial 1 1 1 , or call 0800 POISON (764 766).
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E2.3 Eye contamination
In the event of eye contamination carry out the following:
(a) Remove contaminated clothing and check airway, breathing and circulation, avoiding self-
contamination;
(b) Flush the eyes with water for at least 1 5 minutes keeping eyes open. Have the patient blink as
much as possible;
(c) It may be necessary to hold the eyelids open;
(d) Do not attempt to remove contact lenses prior to initial irrigation with water. Remove later, with
clean fingers, and continue irrigation;
(e) Keep patient warm and comfortable;
(f) Seek medical attention, dial 1 11 , or call 0800 POISON (764 766).
E2.4 Swallowed chemicals
In the event of chemicals being swallowed carry out the following:
(a) Remove contaminated clothing and check airway, breathing and circulation, avoiding self-
contamination;
(b) If the patient is conscious and able to drink, give a small amount of fluid to drink;
(c) Do not administer chemical antidotes unless instructed to do so by a medical professional;
(d) Keep patient warm and comfortable;
(e) Seek medical attention, dial 1 11, or call 0800 POISON (764 766);
(f) Do not give fluids or induce vomiting if the patient is unconscious.
E2.5 Accidental vaccination
If this occurs, consult a doctor at the first opportunity. Remember to have available information on
what the vaccine was (check the label or packing slip).
E2.6 Poisoning symptoms
Two main types of poisoning are:
(a) Acute poisoning - When a large dose is received quickly, through an unexpected event, e.g.
a burst spray hose;
(b) Chronic poisoning - Resulting from a series of small doses over a period of time.
For suspected acute or severe poisoning follow the label instructions for first aid, or the general
guidelines provided above, and seek immediate medical assistance. Symptoms of poisoning vary
according to the chemical group, the degree of exposure, and the response of the individual.
Interpretation of symptoms is a matter for the medical professionals.
If chronic poisoning is suspected, seek the advice of a medical professional, and provide as much
information as possible on the names and details of chemicals suspected.
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NZS 8409:2004
E2-7 Main items
The minimum first aid items to be provided include:
(a) Triangular bandages;
(b) Roller bandages;
(c) Sterile dressings;
(d) Adhesive wound dressing strips;
(e) Paraffin gauze;
(f) Sterile eye pads;
(g) An eye-bath and/or container for pouring water over eyes;
(h) Receptacle for soiled dressings;
(i) Antiseptic liquid;
(j) Antiseptic cream;
(k) Safety pins;
(I) Scissors;
(m) Splinter forceps;
(n) Accident register and pen/pencil;
(o) First Aid Booklet;
(p) Card listing local emergency numbers;
(q) Adhesion plaster;
(r) Disposable gloves.
NOTE - All the above items should be stored In a sealed container, the contents of which should be inspected
regularly for replacement of used or damaged items.
E2.8 Additional items
Where agrichemicals are handled, the following additional items are recommended:
(a) Clean water;
(b) Pure soap;
(c) Clean blanket;
(d) Nail brush;
(e) Skin lotion;
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NZS 8409:2004
(f) Scrub brush;
(g) Shaped plastic airway for mouth-to-mouth resuscitation;
(h) Clean clothing.
A chemical safety shower and eyewash fountain should be provided at the chemical mixing site.
E2.9 Cholinesterase testing - A users' guide
Users working regularly with organophosphates or carbamates should have periodiccholinesterase
tests. These tests can be used to measure the effect of exposure. Consult a doctor to arrange these
tests.
E2.10 Baseline red cell cholinesterase tests
Organophosphate users should have baseline red cell cholinesterase levels done at a time when
they are not exposed to organophosphate or carbamate agrichemicals. Everyone has their own
personal baseline level of red cell cholinesterase and users will need to know their own level.
Without a baseline, users have no way of knowing whether or not their red cell cholinesterase has
dropped.
Ideally, there should be no contact with organophosphates for 60 days prior to having the baseline
red cell cholinesterase measured.
Carbamate products cause rapidly reversible inhibition of cholinesterase, so users need only avoid
contact with these substances for a few days before having baseline red cell cholinesterase tests
done.
E2.11 Monitoring red cell cholinesterase
Once the baseline red cell cholinesterase value is known, monitoring should be done after every
contact with sprays.
If users are involved in a regular spraying programme, monitoring levels should be done once a
month.
If the spraying programme is irregular, there should be a monitoring test after the spraying is
completed.
NOTE - Regular monitoring is no substitute for the selection and use of appropriate protective equipment.
If an organophosphate user is spraying regularly, it may be impossible to have time off the property
to get an off-season baseline.
In this case, the user should commence a regular monitoring programme and carefully watch
cholinesterase levels.
If at any time users believe that agrichemicals have affected their health, a test should be performed.
The result, when compared to previous values or the baseline values will indicate whether
excessive exposure to organophosphates or carbamates occurred.
E2.12 Safety precautions
Safety precautions should also be established so further bouts of poisoning can be prevented.
NOTE - If an employee is seriously harmed, as defined in the Health and Safety in Employment Act, the
Secretary of Labour, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) will be advised, and the accident reported on the
proper form, available from OSH. Serious harm includes poisoning, and loss of consciousness from vapour.
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E2.13 Emergency response numbers
The National Poisons Centre
Operates a 24 hour emergency service in Dunedin.
For URGENT Information
Phone: 0800 POISON
0800 764 766
For non-urgent and general Information during weekdays
Phone: (03) 479 7248 Fax: (03) 477 0509
toxinz@stonebow.otago.ac.nz or
poisons@otago.ac.nz
www.toxinz.Gom
For non-urgent and general information the New Zealand Chemical Industry Council's
Emergency Response Service can also be used 0800 CHEMCALL (0800 243 622).
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NZS 8409:2004
Appendix F
Environmental Management
(Informative)
F1 Introduction
Agrichemical movement away from the application site (or the point where the chemical is
introduced to the environment, e.g. from spillage) will be either in water, soil or air. Movement of
agrichemicals away from the target area is an environmental hazard.
Consultthe relevant local authority for advice. Local government (regional and district council) rules
and requirements must be followed with respect to the use of agrichemicals. These rules and
requirements are based on the Resource Management Act (RMA) and Hazardous Substances and
New Organisms regulations (HSNO) requirements must also be followed. Approval or consent may
be required when agrichemicals are used where they may enter water. Users are required to notify
the respective local authority In the event of any accidental spillage or unintended introduction of
agrichemical into the environment.
This Appendix concentrates on movement in water with some comments on effects on non-target
organisms. Movement of agrichemical in air (spray drift) is dealt with in Appendix G.
F2 Fate Processes
Once an agrichemical is introduced into the environment, whether through application, disposal, or
due to a spill, many processes determine the ultimate fate of that chemical.
Fate processes can be separated into three major types:
(a) Adsorption, which binds agrichemicals;
(b) Transfer processes, which move agrichemicals; and
(c) Degradation processes, which break agrichemicals down.
F2.1 Adsorption
The adsorption process binds agrichemicals to soil particles, often because of the attraction
between a chemical and soil particles.
Many soil factors influence agrichemical adsorption. Soils high in organic matter or clay are more
adsorptive than coarse, sandy soils. Soil moisture also influences adsorption. Wet soils tend to
adsorb less than do dry soils because water molecules compete with the chemical for the binding
sites on soil particles.
Chemical adsorption can lead to reduced pest control capability. For example, target weeds will
be missed if an herbicide binds tightly to soil particles and cannot be taken up by roots. Some
product labels recommend higher application rates when the chemical is applied to adsorptive soils.
Plant injury can result when a product used for one crop is later released from the soil particles in
sufficient quantities to harm a sensitive rotational crop. "Carry-over", as the persistence of
agrichemicals in the soil is often called, can also lead to the presence of illegal residues on rotational
food or feed crops.
Adsorption is particularly important because it determines whether other processes can affect the
movement of agrichemicals.
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NZS 8409:2004
F2.2 Transfer processes
Transfer is sometimes an essential process for pest control. For example, in order for certain pre-
emergent herbicides to be effective, they must be able to move within the soil to reach the
germinating weed seeds. Too much movement, however, can move a chemical away from the
target pest. This can lead to reduced pest control, injury of non-target species including humans,
and surface water and groundwater contamination.
The five ways that agrichemicals can be transferred are through volatilization, run-off, leaching,
absorption, and crop/animal removal and are as follows:
F2.2.1 Volatilization
Volatilization is the conversion of a solid or liquid into a gas. Once volatilized, a chemical can move
in air currents away from the treated surface (Appendix G). Concentration and vapour pressure are
important factors in determining whether a product will volatilize; the higher the concentration the
higher the vapour pressure and hence the volatility is higher
Environmental factors that tend to increase volatilization include high temperature, low relative
humidity, and air movement. An agrichemical that is tightly adsorbed to soil particles is less likely
to volatilize; soil conditions such as texture, organic matter content, and moisture can influence
volatilization.
Volatilization may result in reduced control of the target pest because less product remains at the
target site. Vapour drift is the movement of chemical vapours or gases in the atmosphere. Labels
of volatile agrichemicals may suggest incorporating the product into the soil by tillage or irrigation
during or shortly after application. This helps to reduce volatilization by reducing the amount of
exposed product on the surface of the soil. Low-volatile formulations are also available for some
products.
Some agrichemicals can escape from soils as gases. Some can be drawn from the soil and enter
the atmosphere with evaporating water or revolatilize after deposition on the target. Agrichemical
particles in the atmosphere can come back to earth in rain, snow, or dust fall. They then can leach
into ground water or be carried by runoff into surface water. Airborne transport of agrichemicals is
a major route for their widespread dispersion in the environment so extreme care is needed
particularly if using volatile herbicides.
F2.2.1.1 Vapour pressure
Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a saturated vapour above its own liquid in a closed
container. Table F1 outlines the levels of volatility from vapour pressure. When quality control tests
are performed on products, the test temperature is usually 38 °C (1 00 *^F), and the vapour pressure
is expressed as pounds per square inch (psig or psia), but vapour pressures reported on SDSs
are in millimetres of mercury (mmHg) at 20 °C (68 °F ), unless stated otherwise. Three facts are
important to remember:
(a) Vapour pressure of a substance at 38 °C (1 00 ^F) will always be higher than the vapour pressure
of the substance at 20 ^C (68 ^F);
(b) Vapour pressures reported on SDSs in mmHg are usually very low pressures; 760 mmHg is
equivalent to 14.7 pounds per square inch;
(c) The lower the boiling point of a substance, the higher its vapour pressure.
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NZS 8409:2004
Table F1 - Volatility rating from vapour pressure at 20 to 30 °C
(room temperature) US data*
Nonvolatile
Less than 1x10""^ mmHg (0.0000001 millimetres of mercury)
Slightly volatile
10-7 to 10-4 mmHg (0.0000001 to 0.0001 mmHg)
Volatile
lO-'^to 10-2 mmHg (0.0001 to 0.01 mmHg)
Highly volatile
Greater than 0.01 mmHg
NOTE - SDS, or PSC. may provide volatility data in mPa. 1 mPa (milliPascal) = 0.001 Pa = 7.5 x 1 0'^ mm
Hg (Torr) or 1 mHg = 133000 mPa
*University of California Cooperative Extension April 2003 http://are.Berkeley.EDU/APMP/
F2.2.2 Run-Off
Run-off is the movement of water over a sloping surface. Run-off occurs when water is applied to
the soil at a faster rate than it can enter the soil (e.g. heavy rain). Run-off water can carry traces
of agrichemicals in the water itself or bound to eroding soil particles.
The presence of vegetation or crop stubble tends to slow the movement of run-off water. Certain
physical and chemical properties of an agrichemical, such as how quickly plants absorb it, or how
tightly it is bound to plant tissue or soil, are also important.
Herbicide run-off can directly injure non-target plants. Insecticide and nematicide contaminated
run-off which drains into waterways, streams and lakes can be particularly harmful to aquatic
organisms. Run-off into surface waters can also lead to groundwater contamination and cause
injury to crops, livestock, or humans if the contaminated water is used downstream.
Agrichemicals run-off can be reduced by:
(a) Monitoring weather conditions (e.g. heavy rain);
(b) Carefully applying irrigation water;
(c) Using a spray mix additive to enhance product retention on foliage; and
(d) Incorporating the chemical into the soil.
F2.2.3 Leacfiing
Leaching is the movement of a chemical through the soil as opposed to movement over the surface.
Leaching depends, in part, on the chemical and physical properties of a product.
A product held strongly to soil particles by adsorption is less likely to leach. The persistence of an
agrichemical also influences the likelihood of leaching. For example, an agrichemical that is rapidly
broken down by a degradation process is less likely to leach because it remains in the soil only a
short time.
Other factors that can influence leaching include soil texture and organic content, in part, because
of their effect on chemical adsorption. Soil permeability (i.e. how readily water moves through the
soil) is also important. The more permeable a soil, the greater the potential for leaching; a sandy
or gravely soil is much more permeable than a clay soil.
Leaching of agrichemicals can be affected by:
(a) The method and rate of application;
(b) The use of conservation farming systems that modify soil conditions; and
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NZS 8409:2004
(c) The amount and timing of water a treated area receives after an application.
(d) Typically, the closer the time of application to a heavy or sustained rainfall, the greater likelihood
some leaching will occur.
Careful product selection is important because products that are not readily adsorbed or rapidly
degraded, and are highly water soluble are the most likely to leach. Labels must be carefully read
and the application instructions followed. The label may also contain statements that advise against
the use of the product when certain soil, geological or climatic conditions are present.
F2.2.4 Absorption
Absorption or uptake is the movement of an agrichemical into plants and/or animals. Absorption
by target and non-target organisms is influenced by environmental conditions, by the chemical and
physical properties of the product and the soil, and by the physiology of the target plant or animal.
Once absorbed by plants and animals, agrichemicals either break down (metabolize), are excreted
(in the case of animals), or remain in the plant or animal until the tissues decay or are processed.
Most food commodities are subject to washing and/or processing which removes most of the
remaining residue. Some transfer of residue or breakdown products can occur when crops or
animals are moved from the treatment site or by the movement of material such as lawn clippings.
F2.3 Degradation processes
Degradation, or the breakdown of agrichemicals, is usually beneficial. The reactions that destroy
these products change most residues in the environment to lowertoxicity compounds. Degradation,
however, can be detrimental when an agrichemical is destroyed before the target pest has been
controlled. The relevant types of degradation processes include microbial, chemical, and
photodegradation.
F2.3.1 Microbial degradation
Microbial degradation is the breakdown of agrichemicals by fungi, bacteria, and other micro-
organisms that use them as a food source. Most microbial degradation of agrichemicals occurs in
the soil. Soil conditions such as moisture, temperature, aeration, pH, and the amount of organic
matter, affect the rate of microbial growth and activity. In the case of animal health products, most
microbial degradation occurs in the animal itself.
F2.3.2 Chemical degradation
Chemical degradation is the breakdown by processes that do not involve living organisms.
Temperature, moisture, pH, and adsorption, in addition to the chemical and physical properties of
the product constituents, determine which chemical reactions take place and how quickly they
occur.
Hydrolysis, a common degradation reaction, is a breakdown process where the product reacts with
water. Many organophosphate and carbamate i nsecticides are particularly susceptible to hydrolysis
under alkaline conditions. Some can be broken down within hours if mixed with water that is
alkaline.
A product label may warn against mixing one agrichemical with other agrichemicals or using water
with specific characteristics. Observing these precautions can help prevent product degradation
and potential incompatibility problems. In some situations, buffers or other additives may be
available to modify spray mix conditions and prevent, or at least reduce, degradation. Emptying the
spray tank between applications can reduce agrichemical degradation and possible corrosion of
spray equipment.
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NZS 8409:2004
F2.3.3 Photodegradation
Photodegradation is the breakdown of chemicals by light, particularly the ultraviolet component of
sunlight. Photodegradation can destroy chemicals on the surface of foliage, animals, soil, and even
in the air.
Factors that influence photodegradation include the intensity of the sunlight, properties of the
application site, the application method, and properties of the particular chemical. Losses from
photodegradation can be reduced by incorporating the product into the soil during or immediately
after application or by administering to animals orally or by injection,
Photodegradation can be beneficial in breaking down unwanted chemical residues on food or feed
crops before harvest.
F3 Surface Water Contamination
There are many ways in which surface water (e.g. streams or ponds) can be contaminated by
agrichemicals, including direct flow from storage or mixing areas, indirect flow as sediment with
adsorbed chemical, and wash-off from the target crop by unexpected rainfall.
Run-off water contaminated by agrichemicals can pose risks to health, water supplies, aquatic
environments, and irrigated crops. Prevention must be the aim, and the measures listed for
prevention of groundwater contamination (see F4) also apply to surface water contamination.
Provision of riparian vegetation or buffer zones between the crop and surface water will reduce
contamination risks.
Only agrichemicals that have been approved for use in water can be used to control aquatic weeds
in drains, rivers or other water-bodies.
F4 Groundwater Contamination
Contamination of groundwater by agrichemicals is serious because once it has occurred it is
virtually impossible to reverse. Therefore prevention is critical, and the following practices can help
reduce the possibility of contamination. The processes described help determine whether
chemicals reach groundwater, or are degraded beforehand.
F4.1 Practise integrated pest management
Agrichemical applications should be carefully timed and combined with other pest management
practices where this is possible. Pests should be accurately identified and agrichemical applications
made only when necessary, using the lowest labelled amount needed for adequate pest control.
Minimizing chemical use reduces the potential for environmental problems.
F4.2 Prevent spills
If a spill does occur it should be contained and cleaned up immediately. In the event of repeated
spills in the same area, the capacity of the soil to adsorb or degrade the chemical can be exceeded,
which may increase the likelihood of water contamination.
F4.3 Select products carefully
Those products, which are not adsorbed to soil particles and are highly water soluble and relatively
stable, have the greatest potential to reach ground and surface waters. Read labels carefully for
information and restrictions on application rates, timing, and placement: all of these factors can
influence the potential for leaching and run-off. Also note water protection guidelines on the labeL
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NZS 8409:2004
F4.4 Vulnerability of the area
Users should routinely determine the susceptibility of their soil to leaching and run-off. A number
of factors can affect agrichemical movement, including soil texture, organic matter, permeability
and moisture content, slope of the land, and the presence of vegetation. The closeness to surface
water, the depth of the water table and the permeability of the layers between the soil surface and
the groundwater should all be considered when assessing the vulnerability of an area.
When mixing, applying, storing or disposing (including clean-up) of agrichemicals always consider
the proximity to water sources. These include springs, streams, dams, wetlands, and other surface
waters, bores and groundwater recharge areas and sinkholes. By either establishing a vegetation
zone or leaving an untreated border, a buffer zone can be provided between a use or handling site
and a sensitive area.
F4.5 Location and condition of bores
Bores should be properly capped and sealed to prevent groundwater contamination. Grade the
area so as to keep surface run-off away from the bore. If chemicals are spilled near bores they can
move directly and rapidly into groundwater. Properly close all abandoned bores and never dispose
of wastes in unused bores,
F4.6 Measure accurately
Carefully calculate how much product is needed to treat the specific site with the equipment being
used and measure the quantity accurately. Careful calculations help eliminate disposal problems
associated with excess spray mix, or use of concentrations which are higher than recommended.
F4,7 Calibrate accurately
Calibrate equipment carefully and often, to ensure that the proper amount of chemical is applied
or administered. Check the equipment for leaks and malfunctions to minimize the potential for
accidents or spills.
F4.8 Mix and load carefully
Handle agrichemicals carefully to avoid spills. Mix and load on a concrete surface to avoid
saturating the soil with agrichemicals. Fill the spray tank as far from the water source as possible.
Increase the length of the water hose or fill the tank in the field using an alternative water source.
Never leave a spray unit unattended while filling.
F4.9 Prevent back-siphoning
To prevent back-siphoning of a chemical into the water supply, the end of the fill hose should always
remain above the water level in the spray tank. Use an anti-backflow device (check-valve) on the
fill hose, especially when siphoning water directly from a dam or stream. Properly constructed bores
should have check-valves fitted to prevent back-siphoning; check-valves can be added to an
existing system.
F4.10 Weather and irrigation
If heavy or sustained rain is forecast, delay the application to avoid run-off and leaching. The
quantity of irrigation water released should be carefully controlled to minimize the potential for
leaching and run-off.
F4.1 1 Store agrichemicals safely
Minimize the stock of agrichemicals by buying only what is needed for a season or a specific spray
job. The storage area should be located away from all water sources. An impervious floor facilitates
clean-up in the event of a spill or leak. Inspect containers regularly for leaks and corrosion; bulk
storage tanks should be inspected frequently and placed on a bunded impervious surface to prevent
any chemical movement beyond the storage area in the event of a spill or leak.
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F4.12 Dispose of wastes carefully
Follow all label instructions when disposing of agrichemicals and containers. Triple rinse containers
that have been holding liquid concentrates as soon as they are empty and pour the rinse material
into the spray tank. Excess spray mix and washings from equipment cleaning can be sprayed on
another site or crop authorized by the label.
F5 Effects on Non-target Organisms
Environmental hazards include the use of agrichemicals that may affect non-target organisms, i.e.
desirable plants, bees and other beneficial insects, fish and other wildlife. The product label
provides directions to minimize or avoid these effects.
F5.1 Plants
Herbicides are the primary cause of non-target plant injury. Herbicides cause damage to non-target
organisms by way of drift, run-off, or leaching from treated areas as well as from mixing, disposal,
and storage sites.
A chemical that injures plants is described as phytotoxic. The symptoms of herbicide phytotoxicity
are frequently difficult to diagnose. Symptoms often do not appear for several days or sometimes
weeks and, even then, are often confused with pest damage, nutritional deficiencies, virus disease
symptoms, inappropriate cultural practices, or adverse weather conditions. Sometimes no
symptoms develop, but instead a crop may be rendered unsaleable due to illegal residue levels-
Accurate diagnosis of herbicide injury is aided by having access to the following: good application
records, weather data, knowledge of how the herbicide acts (mode of action), fresh plant
specimens, and knowledge of the planting area and its proximity to other potential sources of
pollution.
F5.2 Bees and other pollinators
By taking the following precautions users can reduce the chances of bee poisoning or movement
of chemicals into the food chain through pollen transport:
(a) Do not apply products that are toxic to bees during flowering, including shade trees and weeds.
Mow cover crops and weeds to remove the flowers prior to spraying;
(b) Select the product which is least harmful to foraging bees. Check product labels for information
specific to bee toxicity;
(c) Select the safest formulation. Dusts are more hazardous to bees than are sprays. Wettable
powders are usually more hazardous to bees than either emulsifiable concentrates or water-
soluble formulations. Granular insecticide formulations are generally the least hazardous to
bees. The hazard increases, however, when insecticides are micro-encapsulated as the minute
capsules can be carried back to the hive in much the same manner as pollen;
(d) Minimize drift during application;
(e) Time the application carefully. Evening applications are less hazardous than early morning;
both are safer than midday applications;
(f) Do not spray near hives. Bees may need to be moved or covered before using insecticides near
colonies;
(g) Co-operate with beekeepers. Fostering co-operation among beekeepers, growers and
agrichemical users can reduce bee poisoning.
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The best way to avoid injury to beneficial insects and micro-organisms is by careful and correct use
of agrichemicals. Target-specific products should be used where possible and applied only when
necessary as part of a total pest management programme.
F5.3 Soil ecosystems
Adsorption and binding of chemicals to soil particles may increase risks to soil fauna (e.g.
earthworms) and micro-organisms from the toxic effects of agrichemicals. Key factors in minimizing
these risks include selecting agrichemicals that are target specific and usirig agrichemicals where
the products of biodegradation are benign. Some agrichemicals break down into compounds that
are more toxic or persistent than the original agrlchemical. Read and follow product label
recommendations.
Timing of application, accurate equipment calibration and the form of the agrlchemical are important
tools to avoid soil contamination.
F5,4 Fish and other wildlife
Fish and other wildlife, including birds, often mistake granules or pellets for food. Pets, birds and
other wildlife can be killed when baits are left unattended or improperly placed. Granules are usually
dyed green to reduce the attractiveness to birds.
The following practices can minimize any effects upon wildlife from the use of agrichemicals:
(a) Use agrichemicals only when necessary; select the least toxic and least persistent product
available;
(b) Observe the environmental precautions on the label;
(c) Treat only the areas needed and wherever practical avoid aquatic areas. Leave a buffer zone
between bodies of water (such as rivers, lakes, dams and water troughs), and the treated area
where appropriate (see Appendix G6 for advice about buffer zones);
(d) Avoid spraying trees overhanging streams or dams;
(e) Exercise caution when placing baits or granules. Users must be aware of their legal
responsibilities when using agrichemicals. Very strict laws have been enacted to protect
wildlife, especially endangered species.
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Appendix G
Spray Drift Hazard and Weather Conditions
(Informative)
G1 Introduction
Application of agrichemicals in particulate form, whether as solids or liquids (droplets) inevitably
means some losses occur in transferring the agrichemical to the target. The law requires any such
losses to be minimized.
The Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9) Regulations specify the setting of tolerable
exposure limits for toxic substances (Class 6) and environmental exposure limits for ecotoxic
substances (Class 9). It is an offence to exceed these limits when applying agrichemicals.
G2 Off-target Movement
Off-target movement of spray i.e. spray drift, occurs in two main ways:
(a) Primary drift - the movement of spray as droplets;
(b) Secondary drift - the movement of spray contaminated dust, soil or sand particles and
movement of spray as a vapour (gaseous phase). This also applies to the off-site movement
of fumigants.
There are a number of factors that can affect both forms of drift, including droplet size, spray release
height (relative to the ground or inversions) and wind speed. Vapour pressure (volatility) of the
agrichemical can affect secondary drift where it occurs by volatilization from the target surface after
deposition. In view of the two types of drift, an internationally accepted definition of drift has been
developed.
Drift (of agrichemical) means the physical movement of agrichemical through the air at the time of
application or soon thereafter to any off-target site. The movement of agrichemical caused by
erosion, migration, volatility, or windblown soil particles to off-target sites that occurs after the
application is not included in the definition unless specifically addressed on the product label, with
respect to drift control requirements.
The applicator is responsible for primary drift because it occurs at the time of spraying and the
means of minimizing primary drift are within the control of the applicator. Factors related to the
application equipment (e.g. droplet size, height of release of the spray) can be adjusted by the
applicator, who can also make judgements about the weather (e.g. wind speed, wind direction).
Physical movement of agrichemical can also occur as vapour at the time of spraying so can be
considered primary drift. The applicator can demonstrate responsibility by selecting agrichemicals
that are known to have low volatility (product label information) and choosing weather conditions
that are not conducive to volatilization of the agrichemical at the time of application.
Research shows that vapour drift occurs mostly as secondary drift. The applicator has little or no
control over secondary drift apart from selection of non-volatile agrichemicals and prediction of the
weather condition in the period following the agrichemical application (see Appendix D and G7 for
further comment on vapour drift).
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G3 Drift Hazard
The hazard from spray drift depends on two main factors: the extent of drift (how much spray is
drifting and how far it is likely to travel), and what is put at risk from spray drift. In many cases, the
extent of crop injury from drift is dependent on the factors of concentration of the agrichemical and
the time available for uptake. This means that even low concentrations in time can produce injury.
This explains the recognition of high hazard under apparently calm conditions.
Some guidance for operators is required, and table G 1 sets out the important factors. Users should
note that additional factors such as adequate notification to those who may be at risk, so that they
can take precautionary action, effectively reduces drift hazard.
G4 Sensitive Areas
There can be cases where there is considerable spray drift, but no drift hazard because there is
nothing that is at risk from the spray drift, i.e. no sensitive areas. Assessing drift hazard is partly
a function of the existence of any sensitive areas, and therefore before spraying, users should
identify and record any sensitive areas located near the target area. Responsible agrichemical
application means being able to demonstrate, by production of a map, sketch, field notes or other
documentation that this requirement has been met. The following are examples of sensitive areas,
(except where the area involved is the intended spray target). Check with the regional authority
however as there may be sensitive areas specified in the regional plan.
Sensitive areas include:
(a) Residential buildings;
(b) School buildings;
(c) Public places and amenity areas where people congregate;
(d) Public water supply catchments and intakes;
(e) Water bodies and associated riparian vegetation;
(f) Sensitive crops or farming systems (e.g. organic farms, greenhouses);
(g) Wetlands, indigenous vegetation habitat areas and reserves;
(h) Public roads.
Table G1 summarizes the main factors affecting any hazard associated with spray drift.
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Table G1 - Drift hazard guidance chart
Potential drift hazard scale
Factor
High hazard
Low hazard
Comment
Wind speed
Zero/very low
(less than 1 m/s) or
greater than 6 m/s
Steady (1-3 m/s)
Measure or estimate using
smoke
Wind direction
Unpredictable
Predictable, and
away from sensitive
areas
Use smoke to indicate
Humidity
Low (delta! > 8 oC)
High (delta < 4 ^C)
Measure, using whirling
psychrometer
Atmospheric
stability
Inversion layer
present
No inversion layer
Use cold smoke to indicate
Maximum height
of release of
agrichemlcal
> 1 .5 m above the
target
< 0.5 m above the
target
Application technique
See 5.3.4.2
Particle (droplet)
size
< 50 microns
diameter
> 250 microns
diameter
SeeQI
Volatility of
agrichemlcal
High (vapour
pressure > 10 mPa)
Low (vapour
pressure < 0.1 mPa)
Check product label,
SDS, or PSC
Sensitive area
Close (< 100 m)
away
None, or more than
1 km distant
Identify on property protocol
(see M4)
Buffer zone
None
Yes (> 1 00 m)
Guideline only
Shelter belts
No shelter
Live shelter, > 3 m
high and 1 m thick
Not for herbicides
Toxicity
Class6.1A, B, C, D
Class 6.1 E
Check label
NOTE-
(1) The potential drift hazard scale is given as high or low, and intermediate situations should be rated
accordingly. For example, a droplet size of 1 50 microns diameter would represent a moderate drift hazard.
(2) Some factors can be changed to reduce the hazard rating, e.g. use lower volatility chemical, larger droplet
size.
(3) All of the weather related factors are to be assessed at the application site.
(4) Toxicity of the agrichemlcal has been included on the chart, but use of a schedule heading is only one
indicator of toxicity and is not always sufficient. In all cases, users should select the least toxic
agrichemical that is suitable for the specific application. Check the label and product information.
(5) 1 m/sec = 3.6 km/h; 6 m/sec = 20 km/h (approx.).
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G5 Weather Conditions
The important weather conditions at the application site are as follows.
G5.1 Wind direction
Spray can be moved away from the application site (target area) by any wind. The wind direction
is also important with respect to the application technique; all applications should be made with a
cross-wind, starting at the downwind edge. Smoke generators, or other reliable indicators of wind
speed and direction should be used at the application site where conditions dictate.
NOTE - Heat producing smoke generators can produce thermal lift, which may mask the presence of an
Inversion.
G5.2 Wind speed
Very low wind speeds usually mean the wind direction is unpredictable. Higher wind speeds mean
a stable wind direction, and may also give better spray penetration into some crops, by turbulent
mixing. Spraying should not be carried out in high winds (see table G1).
G5.3 Inversions
G5.3.1 Condition favouring inversions
An inversion condition develops when a band of warmer air develops at some height above the
ground. It most commonly forms when air close to the ground cools rapidly as a result of heat loss
by radiation to a cloudless sky. The presence of an inversion can be detected by measuring air
temperatures and wind speeds at various heights, but for practical purposes, the easiest method
is to use smoke. Smoke, rising vertically, cannot pass through the inversion layer, but travels
horizontally usually just below the layer of warm air.
NOTE - Do not rely on smoky fires to generate the smoke as the thermal up draught from the fire may allow
the smoke to penetrate the inversion layer, and thereby hide its presence, or overcome a light wind movement.
G5.3.2 Spraying advice
Spraying under inversion conditions means the final destination of the chemical cannot be predicted
with any certainty, and should only be carried out if the spray droplets are non evaporative, are
discharged below the inversion layer, and are greater than 250 microns in diameter.
G5.4 Katabatic winds
Katabatic winds flow downhill and are caused by cold air sinking down a slope: this usually occurs
early in the morning. Winds of up to 6 knots (3 m/sec or 1 km/h) may flow out of valley systems
some considerable distance across flat country.
G5.5 Anabatic winds
Anabatic winds flow uphill, and are caused by warm air rising up the slope as the sun warms them.
Anabatic winds usually follow Katabatic winds in the morning. When wind speeds are low (less than
2-3 km/h), wind direction can be unpredictable.
The rule should always be - do not apply agrichemical sprays or dusts unless the wind direction
and speed are known, or the agrichemical is non-volatile and applied as particles or droplets greater
than 250 microns diameter.
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G5.6 Temperature and relative humidity (RH)
G5.6.1 Temperature
High air temperatures mean rapid evaporation of spray droplets. The rate of evaporation is also
affected by relative humidity. A droplet evaporates faster at an RH of say 50 % in warmer air than
in cold air at the same RH.
G5.6.2 Relative humidity
RH can easily be measured using a whirling psychrometer, which has 2 thermometers. The bulb
of one thermometer is covered with a moist wick, which dries in the air, lowering the temperature
of the bulb. The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb is called the wet bulb depression or
delta T. The greater delta T, the greater the evaporation potential for spray droplets.
Generally, spraying of water-based agrichemicals should not be carried out when delta T is greater
than 8 °C. For low and ultra low volume applications (less than 1 L/ha) delta T should be less than
40c.
G6 Buffer Zones and Shelter Belts
Off -target movement of spray is affected by a large number of interrelated factors including weather
conditions, spray characteristics and application technique. A buffer zone between the application
site, and a sensitive area may reduce the hazard to that sensitive area. The buffer zone works by
allowing the agrichemical to disperse to concentrations low enough not to present a risk (i.e. not
exceed any Environmental Exposure Limit (EEL) set). The use of shelter belts to intercept and
retain the agrichemical may effectively reduce the width of the buffer zone required. However for
herbicides, particularly those used for total vegetation control, live shelter will also be affected by
the spray so it will not be useful in those situations.
Other factors that affect the width of a buffer zone include:
(a) Application technique (e.g. projecting spray into the air);
(b) The agrichemical used (e.g. volatility);
(c) The physical nature of the shelter belt.
G6.1 Buffer zone guidelines
It is vital that the guidelines given below are regarded as that - guidelines, which represent the best
estimate for three typical application types. Buffer zones, with or without shelter belts, merely
provide an opportunity for concentrations of agrichemical to fall sufficiently so that the risk to
sensitive areas beyond the buffer zone becomes acceptable (i.e. environmental exposure levels
are not exceeded). Depending on the particular circumstances however, there is no guarantee that
this can be achieved. Therefore buffer zones are only one of many methods to manage and reduce
drift hazard.
Table G2 gives suggested minimum distances between the downwind edge of the target area and
the sensitive area. These are for guidance. There are spray droplet drift models that can be used
to give more detailed information for specific situations.
NOTE - For examples of spray drift models, i.e. Spray Drift Task Force, see www.agdrift.com and SpraySafe
Manager, NZ Forest Research Institute, www.forestresearch-co.n2.
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Table G2 - Buffer zones
Application method
Distance (metres)
With shelter
Without shelter
Boom sprayer
2
10
Air blast sprayer
10
30
Aerial application
100
300
NOTE-
These distances are subject to:
(a) The equipment used (boom, air blast, aircraft) being calibrated and operated correctly.
(b) All other appropriate strategies being observed to reduce spray drift hazard (table G1).
(c) Shelter should be complete and without gaps at the base,
G6,2 Shelter belt characteristics
Shelter belts will not eliminate spray drift, but can have a significant effect in reducing the amount
of spray moving off-target. The physical structure of the shelter belt is important with respect to its
effectiveness. The general conclusions are:
(a) Natural (live) shelter is much more effective than artificial shelter;
(b) The porosity and density of the shelter is important - a minimum thickness of 1 m and a porosity
of about 50 % is recommended;
(c) Porosity and density are a function of the thickness of the shelter;
(d) For effective reductions in wind speed (and hence drift reduction) the width to height ratio of
shelter is critical. A width to height ratio of about 3.5 is recommended (i.e. a shelter 1 m wide
(thick) should be 3.5 m - 4 m high);
(e) Any spray released at or above shelter height will not be contained by the shelter.
G7 Vapour Drift
As a general rule, spraying of agrichemicals that are volatile should take place in conditions where
the temperature following application is likely to decrease rather than increase (see Appendix D
and Appendix F). That will help manage the risk of secondary drift, i.e. chemical volatilizing from
the target plants some time after spraying has ended.
G7.1
The two main factors controlling the rate of volatilization are:
(a) The vapour pressure of the agrichemical (high vapour pressure, high volatilization);
(b) The moisture status of the soil or plant surface (high moisture content, high volatilization).
There are many other factors that also affect the rate of volatilization of an agrichemical from a target
surface. These include airflow (up to 10 times the rate instill air), temperature (0.5% per ^C), rate
of penetration into the target surface, formulation, presence of any adjuvant and chemical/air
interfacial area. The major factors in vapour movement are wind velocity and turbulence.
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G7.2
Research indicates that the hazard from vapour drift and volatilization is mostly due to the
volatilization of agrichemical from the target surface following application (secondary drift) and not
from evaporation from spray droplets during application (primary drift); although both can and do
occur. There are a number of ways in which an operator can minimize the vapour drift hazard. The
following points should be noted:
(a) Use spray quality as coarse as possible (i.e. large droplets), consistent with getting adequate
coverage at the selected application rate;
(b) Ensure that soil applied products are incorporated into the soil immediately following application;
(c) Minimize the distance between the target plant and the discharge point of the spray to reduce
the opportunity for primary drift;
(d) Use low volatility formulations;
(e) Conditions where the wind direction is unstable and likely to change in the period following
application (up to 1 2 hours) increases the hazard where more volatile agrichemicals are used.
Also, increases in air temperature following application will increase volatility and increase the
downwind drift hazard distance;
(f) Do not spray where the conditions are considered too uncertain to be sure about managing any
vapour drift hazard.
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Appendix H
Competency and Training
(Informative)
H1 General
Users and suppliers need to be appropriately trained and/or qualified to carry out their duties and
responsibilities. Underthe Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (Personnel Qualifications)
Regulations, handlers of some agrichemicals may require certification as approved handlers.
NOTE -The general proficiency requirements of this Standard can be met by completion of a GROWSAFE®
Introductory course. Users may also be required to gain an approved handler (test) certificate to meet all the
competency requirements of this Standard (in order to use some specific agrichemicals - a regulatory
requirement).
H2 Approved Handlers
Under the Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls) Regulations and the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations, hazardous substances, including
agrichemicals will have controls according to the hazards relating to the particular substance. For
some substances these controls will include the requirement to be an approved handler. Table J3
indicates which hazard classes are likely to require an approved handler.
An approved handler test certificate requires the candidate to have some knowledge of the HSNO
legislation and to be able to demonstrate competency in the safe handling of hazardous substances
(such as agrichemicals). Test certificates are issued by test certifiers, who have been appointed
by the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA).
Underthe Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Act (ACVM) some agrichemicals may
have a condition of registration that requires the user to be approved or licensed. Users should
check the conditions of registration, but suppliers must not sell products with such a condition unless
the purchaser has proper authorization or approval/licence. This is over and above any approval
from ERMA.
H3 Training Courses Available
A number of training programmes on agrichemical use are available. For example, GROWSAFE®
courses offered by the New Zealand Agrichemical Education Trust.
NOTE - Refer to www.growsafe.co.nz for details of GROWSAFE® courses.
All of these programmes are linked with the National Qualifications framework and satisfy the
requirements of this Standard. Other training courses may also meet these requirements.
H4 Suppliers
H4.1 Requirements
The requirements of this Standard for suppliers can be met by the completion of the Applied
GROWSAFE® Distributors Certificate. This Certificate is designed specifically for suppliers,
including importers, wholesalers and retailers of agrichemicals. The course is available through the
Agriculture Industry Training Organisation (ITO). When completed the candidate also becomes
eligible for the National Certificate in Agrichemical Distribution (Level 3).
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H4.2 Currency
The GROWSAFE® Distributors Certificate is current for a period of five years. To maintain currency
the holder is then required to attend a seminar/refresher course, or provide other evidence
acceptable to the Trust that knowledge levels are being maintained.
H5 Users
H5.1 Commercial use (farmers/growers)
The basic training requirements for safe, responsible use of agrichemicals according to this
Standard can be met by completion of a GROWSAFE® Introductory Certificate. More advanced
training in the management of agrichemical use can be met by completion of the GROWSAFE®
Applied Certificate, which is available for a number of specialist activities e.g. Topfruit.
These certificates have a life of five years. To maintain currency the holder is required to attend
a seminar or refresher course, or provide other acceptable evidence that knowledge and competency
requirements are being maintained.
H5.2 Ground application (contractor)
The requirements of this Standard for ground application or use under contract can be met by the
completion of the GROWSAFE® Registered Chemical Applicators Certificate. This is attained by
first completing the National Certificate in Agrichemical Application and not less than 200 hours of
work experience.
This GROWSAFE® Certificate is current for a period of three years. To maintain currency the holder
is then required to attend a seminar or refresher course, or provide other evidence acceptable to
the Trust that knowledge levels are being maintained.
H5,3 Aerial application (contractor)
Under the Civil Aviation Rules (Civil Aviation Act 1 990) the application of agrichemicals by aircraft
requires the pilot to hold a Chemical Rating, which is issued by the Civil Aviation Authority. The
rating can be obtained by completion of the National Certificate in Agrichemical Application (Aerial),
The initial Chemical Rating has a life of three years. For renewal, the holder is required to attend
a GROWSAFE® seminar or refresher course or provide other evidence acceptable to the Civil
Aviation Authority that knowledge levels are being maintained.
H5.4 Veterinary medicines
H5.4.1 Agricultural use
The basic principles of safe responsible use of agrichemicals, including veterinary medicines are
covered in the GROWSAFE® Introductory course.
H5.4.2 Contract use
Veterinarians registered with the Veterinary Council of New Zealand and holding acurrent retention
certificate meet the legal requirements for administering, prescribing and dispensing Prescription
Animal Remedies.
The requirements of this Standard with respecttothe storage, transport and handling of agrichemicals
can be met by the completion of the GROWSAFE® Applied Distributors (Suppliers) Certificate. The
training programme allows the candidate to select specified animal health unit standards. The
Certificate is available through the Agriculture ITO.
NOTE - The GROWSAFE® Distributors Certificate is current for a period of five years. To maintain currency
the holder is then required to attend a seminar/refresher course, or provide other evidence acceptable to the
Trust that knowledge levels are being maintained.
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H6 Other Training
Other training courses for the use of agrichemicals (e.g. fumigants, detergents/sanitizers) that
satisfy the requirements of this Standard may be available. Users should check with their supplier
or industry association.
H7 Exporter Requirements
Some exporters of primary produce require all steps in their produce supply chain to be serviced
by competent people. For agrichemical use, completion of GROWSAFE® Applied courses for
users and supplier will satisfy these requirements.
H8 Accreditation
GROWSAFE® Accreditation for agrichemical use is available to companies or businesses that
complete a number of requirements. These include:
(a) All personnel involved in agrichemical use holding the appropriate GROWSAFE® certificate;
(b) The completion of an independent audit of facilities and procedures related to the use of
agrichemicals;
(c) Satisfying any findings that may arise from the audit.
GROWSAFE® Accreditation has a life of two years, at which time it can be renewed by satisfying
any findings arising from a further audit. Audits must be carried out by an auditor approved by the
New Zealand Agrichemical Education Trust.
NOTE - Refer to www,growsafe,co.nz for further information.
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Appendix J
Land Transport of Agrichemicals
(Informative)
J1 Agrichemicals as Dangerous Goods and as Hazardous Substances
J1 .1 Agrichemicals as dangerous goods
Dangerous goods are those substances classified as dangerous for transport by the United Nations
Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods. The United Nations list of dangerous
goods and classification criteria are set out in the United Nations Recommendations on the
Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations (UNRTDG). In New Zealand, the full list of
dangerous goods and classification information can be found in NZS 5433. The term dangerous
goods applies to all products and substances that meet the classification criteria set out in
NZS 5433.
The Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods 1999 (the Dangerous Goods Rule) sets out the legal
requirements for transport of dangerous goods on land in New Zealand, Technical information to
comply with the Dangerous Goods Rule is provided in NZS 5433. Some parts of that Standard are
incorporated by reference in the Dangerous Goods Rule.
The Dangerous Goods Rule aligns closely with the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms
Act (HSNO) and various regulations made under that Act. In general terms, compliance with the
Dangerous Goods Rule will be compliance with the HSNO Act during transport on land. However,
there are some differences relating to classification and controls:
(a) HSNO applies to the entire life-cycle of products with hazardous properties (e.g. manufacture,
storage, use and disposal);
(b) The Dangerous Goods Rule applies to transport only.
The classification system under the HSNO Act is different to transport classification. HSNO controls
apply to some products that are not classified as dangerous for transport and conversely some
goods that are classified as dangerous for transport (e.g. Class 6.2 Infectious Substances and
Class 7 Radioactive Materials) are not controlled under HSNO.
J1 .2 Agrichemicals as hazardous substances
Hazardous substances are those substances that exceed the thresholds specified in the Hazardous
Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard) Regulations. Thethresholds are based on the Globally
Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The GHS uses the same
basic classes of hazard as the UNRTDG, but divides hazards into more subclasses and includes
categories with lower degrees of hazard than the transport system.
NOTE - It is likely that the GHS will eventually be adopted as the classification system for dangerous goods
for transport. However, it is expected that transport controls will apply only to substances with the highest
degrees of danger, i.e. categories A, B and C as specified in the Hazardous Substances (Classification)
Regulations (refer to Appendix C2.1 and table C1).
J1 .3 UN number and proper shipping name
Substances that are dangerous goods for transport have been allocated a four-digit United Nations
(UN) number and a "proper shipping name" (under the UNRTDG). The proper shipping name is
the name allocated by the Committee of Experts that most accurately describes the substance.
Some dangerous goods are not listed specifically by name, but are allocated a UN number and a
112
NZS 8409:2004
generic proper shipping name based on the properties of the substance, e.g. UN 2902, PESTICIDE,
LIQUID, TOXIC, N.O.S. An agrichemical that has a UN number on the product label is classified
as dangerous goods for transport. The dangerous goods list in NZS 5433 identifies the UN number
and the proper shipping name of agrichemicals that are classified as dangerous for transport.
NOTE - N.O.S. means Not Otherwise Specified.
J1 .4 Packing group
Dangerous goods of Class or Division 3, 4, 5.1, 6.1, 8 and 9 are divided into 3 packing groups
according to the degree of toxicity (see D8):
(a) Packing group I (PG I) is high danger;
(b) Packing group II (PGII) is medium danger;
(c) Packing group III (PG III) is low danger.
In general terms, packing group numbers are similar to the hazard category letters in the HSNO
classification system. For example, UN Class 6.1 (Toxic Substances), packing group I, II and III
have a similar degree of danger as HSNO Class 6.1 , category A, B and C respectively.
J1 .5 Sources of information
Full details on the requirements for transporting dangerous goods on land can be obtained from
Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods and NZS 5433 or by contacting the Land Transport Safety
Authority: telephone 0800 699 000 or website www.ltsa.govt.nz. More information on the HSNO
Act is available in the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act and various regulations
made under the Act or by contacting the Environmental Risk Management Authority (ERMA):
telephone 04 473 8426 or website www.hsno.govt.nz. Details of health and safety requirements
can be obtained from the Health and Safety in Employment Act and the Health and Safety in
Employment (Prescribed Matters) Regulations or by contacting the Occupational Health and Safety
Service of the Department of Labour at its nearest office.
J2 Agrichemical Transport Requirements
The Dangerous Goods Rule applies to everyone involved in transport of dangerous goods, but the
requirements vary according to the nature of the goods, the purpose for transport and the quantity.
For more information refer to Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods and NZS 5433 or contact the
Land Transport Safety Authority: telephone 0800 699 000 or website www.ltsa.govt.nz. To assist
in determining agrichemical transport requirements when agrichemicals are dangerous goods, see
figure J1.
113
NZS 8409:2004
Figure J1 - Flow chart for the determination of agrichemical transport requirements
when agrichemicals are dangerous goods
Are the good classified as dangerous
goods for transport on land?
No
The Dangerous Goods Rule does not
apply
Yes
Are you a licensed transport service
operator or are you consigning the
dangerous goods to a licensed
transport service operator to carry for
hire or reward?
No
Are you transporting the dangerous
goods for domestic or recreational
use, as tools-of-trade, for agricultural
use or for a commercial purpose, but
not for hire or direct reward?
Yes
No-
Yes
Are the quantites of dangerous goods
within the limit in Schedule 1 of the
Dangerous Goods Rule?
No
Yes
All provisions of the Dangerous Goods Rule apply.
There are requirements for:
Packaging
Identification
Documents
Segregation of incompatible goods
Vehicle placards
Transport procedures
Training and driver licence endorsement
Requirements vary for some goods e.g. consumer
commodities and small packages
Requirements for:
• Packaging
• Identification
• Load security
• Emergency Response Information
114
NZS 8409:2004
J3 Segregation
Segregation is required for incompatible dangerous goods and food items transported for agricultural
use in quantities greater than tlie limits in Schedule 1 of the Dangerous Goods Rule or for hire or
direct reward. See table J1 .
Table J1 - Segregation of dangerous goods
Class or division and
name of dangerous goods
Must not be loaded in the
same freight container or
on the same vehicle with
these classes of
dangerous goods
Must not be loaded in the same
freight container; and
Must be separated horizontally
by at least 3 metres unless all
but one are packed in separate
freight containers
1 Explosives
2.1,2.2,2.3,3,4.1,4.2,4.3,
5.1,5.2,6-1,6.2,7,8,9
-
2.1 Flammable gases
1,2.3,3,4.2,4.3,5.1,5.2,7
4.1
2.2 Non-flammable
Non-toxic gases
1
4.2, 5.2
2.3 Toxic gases
1,2.1,3,4.2,4.3,5.1,5.2,
food items
-
3 Flammable liquids
1,2.1,2.3,4.2,5.1,5.2,7
4.3
4.1 Flammable solids
1,5.2,7
2.1,4.2,5.1
4.2 Spontaneously
combustible
1,2.1,2.3,3,5-1,5.2,7
2.2, 4.1
4.3 Dangerous when wet
1,2.1,2.3,5.1,5.2,7
3,8
5.1 Oxidizing substances
1,2.1,2.3,3,4.2,4.3,5.2,
6-2,8
4.1,6.1,7
5.2 Organic peroxides
1,2.1,2.3,3,4.1,4-2,4.3,
5.1,6.2,7,8
2.2, 6-1
6.1 Toxic substances
1, food items, note 1
5.1,5.2
6.2 Infectious substances
1, 5.1, 5.2, food items
-
7 Radioactive materials
1,2.1,3,4.1,4.2,4.3,5.2,8
5.1
8 Corrosives
1, 5.1, 5.2, 7, food items,
note 1 , note 2
4.3
9 Miscellaneous
dangerous substances
and articles
1
NOTE-
(1 ) Cyanides (Class 6.1 ) must not be loaded in the same freight container or on the same vehicle with acids
(Class 8).
(2) Strong acids must not be loaded in the same freight container or on the same vehicle with strong alkalis.
(3) For storage segregation see L3.8.
(4) Table 1 includes classifications that cover most agrichemicals that are dangerous goods.
115
NZS 8409:2004
J4 Requirements for Fire Extinguishers
Table J2 sets out fire extinguisher requirements for hazardous substances.
Table J2 - Requirement of fire extinguishers for hazardous substances
Hazard classification
Quantity
Number of fire extinguishers
1 .4S, 1 .4G
50 kg
1
2.1. 1A
50 kg or 30 m^
1
2.1. 1B
200 kg or 120 m^
2
2.1.2A (aerosols)
3000 L
1
3.1A
SOL
200 L
1
2
3.1B
250 L
2
3.1C, 3.1D
500 L
2
5.1. 1A
5 L or 5 kg
1
5.1.1 B
200 L or 200 kg
1
5.1. 1C
500 L or 500 kg
2
5.1.2A(gas)
10 kg or 10 m3
50 kg or 50 m^
1
2
NOTE-
(1) Volume of gases is measured at 101.3 kPa and 20 °C.
(2) For requirements for tire extinguishers relating to hazard classifications not listed in this appendix, refer
to the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations.
J5 Approved Handlers and Tracking
Table J3 sets out the default quantities of hazardous substances that must be under the control of
an approved handler.
NOTE -The actual substances and quantities that require an approved handler certificate may vary according
to decisions made by ERMA. Check the product information or consult with the supplier.
116
NZS 8409:2004
Table J3 - Hazardous substance and quantity requiring control by approved handler
Hazard classification
Quantity
2.1.1A
1 00 kg (not permanent gases)
1 00 m^ (permanent gases)
2.1.2A (aerosols)
3000 L aggregate water capacity
3.1A
Any quantity
3.1B
250 L (when in containers greater than 5 L)
500 L (when in containers up to and including 5 L)
5.1.1A
Any quantity
5.1. 1B
500 kg or litres
5.1.1C
1000 kg or litres
6.1A, 6.1B, 6.1C
Any quantity'"")
6.7A
10 kg or more if solid
10 Lor more if liquid
8.2A
Any quantity
9.1A, 9.2A, 9.3Aand9.4A
Any quantity^)
NOTE-
(1) Variations are allowed for small volume home garden packs - see the Supplement to the NZ Gazette
No. 72, 2004 (variations 5 and 6).
(2) Variations are allowed for some ecotoxic substances - see the Supplement to the NZ Gazette No. 72,
2004 (variations 3 and 4).
117
NZS 8409:2004
APPENDIX K
Emergency Management
(Normative)
K1 Scope
This Appendix deals with the emergency preparedness in relation to the hazards from spillage or
fire where agrichemicals are involved. Both these events can occur at any time but the most
hazardous situation is either in storage areas where large amounts of different agrichemicals may
be held, or in transport accidents.
The Appendix addresses emergency planning and response levels depending on the agrichemical
amount and type, hazard assessment and preparation of manifests and emergency response
plans. Specific information on spillage, fire and transport emergencies is also provided.
Refer to the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations for full details of the
HSNO requirements for emergency management of hazardous substances.
K2 Emergency Planning
The Hazardous Substance (Emergency Management) Regulations provide for three levels of
emergency management. The requirements for the higher levels include the requirements for the
lower levels.
The emergency planning information required for each of the three levels is given below. In each
case the information shall be recorded in English.
Level 1 General information aboutthe agrichemicals stored is required sothatthe riskto individuals
can be managed. This includes a list of the total amount agrichemicals held and the
information that clearly identifies each one (i.e. the chemical name), together with the
priority identifier (e.g. flammable liquid). A 24-hour emergency service telephone number
shall also be recorded. The information required will be found on the agrichemical label.
Level 2 More detailed information is required as this level deals with the workplace where several
people may be present. Suppliers who are selling agrichemicals in amounts that require
level 2 emergency planning shall, if requested, provideemergency management information,
e.g. what preparations should be made, what equipment might be needed, and what
actions should be taken, including types of fire extinguisher to use.
The information needs for level 2 can be found on a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or Product
Safety Card (PSC).
Level 3 This level requires emergency response plans to be developed, as well as secondary
containment and site signage. This is in addition to the requirements of level 1 and 2
Table K1 shows the amount of hazardous substance for the various hazard classes that triggers
the level of emergency management required. That means the user or supplier, as the person in
charge needs to know the total amount of hazardous substance (agrichemical) stored on-site at any
one time. The amount of detail required in this list of substances stored depends on the level of
emergency management. For level 3 the term manifest is often used.
K3 Quantities for Different Levels of Emergency Management
under HSNO
NOTE - For requirements for emergency management relating to hazard classifications not listed in this
appendix, refer to the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations (6 -11).
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NZS 8409:2004
Table K1 - Quantities for different response levels
Hazard classification
Quantity for
level 1
emergency
management
Quantity for
level 2
emergency
management
Quantity for
level 3
emergency
management
2.1 .1 A (non-permanent gas)
0.2 kg
0.2 kg
300 kg or 200 m3
2. 1.1 A (permanent gas)
0.2 m3
0.2 m3
200 m3
2.1 .1 B (non-permanent gas)
0.5 kg
0.5 kg
1 ,000 kg or 600 m3
2.1 .1 B (permanent gas)
0.5 m3
0.5 m3
600 m3
2.1. 2A (aerosols)
1.0 L (aggregate
water capacity)
1.0 L (aggregate
water capacity)
3,000 L (aggregate
water capacity)
3.1A
0.5 L
0.5 L
100 L
3.1 B
1.0 L
1.0 L
1 ,000 L
3.1C
1.0 L
5.0 L
10,000 L
3. ID
5.0 L
50 L
10,000 L
3.2A, 3.2 B, 3.2C
0.2 L
Any quantity
100 L
4. 1.1 A (solid)
0.5 kg
0.5 kg
1 ,000 kg
4.1. IB (solid)
1.0 kg
3.0 kg
10,000 kg
4.1.2A, 4.1. 2B (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
50 L
4.1.2A, 4.1. 2B (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
50 kg
4.1.20,4.1. 2D (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
100 L
4.1.2C, 4.1. 2D (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
100 kg
4.1.2E, 4.1. 2F, 4.1. 2G (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
200 L
4.1.2E, 4.1. 2F, 4.1. 2G (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
200 kg
4.1.3A, 4.1. 3B, 4.1. 3C (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
100 L
4.1.3A, 4.1.36,4.1. 3C (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
100 kg
4.2A (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
100 L
4.2A (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
100 kg
4.2B (solid)
0.5 kg
0.5 kg
1,000 kg
4.2C (solid)
1.0 kg
3.0 kg
10,000 kg
4.3A (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
100 L
4.3A (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
100 kg
4.3B (liquid)
0.5 L
0.5 L
1,000 L
4.3B (solid)
0.5 kg
0.5 kg
1,000 kg
4.3C (liquid)
1.0 L
1.0 L
10,000 L
4.3C (solid)
1.0 kg
1.0 kg
10,000 kg
5.1.1 A (liquid)
0.2 L
Any quantity
50 L
5.1.1 A (solid)
0.2 kg
Any quantity
50 kg
5.1. IB (liquid)
0.5 L
0.5 L
500 L
5.1. IB (solid)
0.5 kg
0.5 kg
500 kg
5.1. 1C (liquid)
1.0 L
1.0 L
5,000 L
5.1. 1C (solid)
1.0 kg
1.0 kg
5,000 kg
5.1 .2A (non-permanent gas)
1.0 kg
1.0 kg
100 kg
5.1.2A (permanent gas)
1.0 m3
1.0 m3
100 m3
119
NZS 8409:2004
Hazard classification
Quantity
for level 1
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 2
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 3
emergency
management
5.2A (liquid)
0.1 L
Any quantity
10L
5.2A (solid)
0.1 kg
Any quantity
10 kg
5.2B (liquid)
0.1 L
10L
5.2B (solid)
0.1 kg
10 kg
5.2C, 5.2D (liquid)
0.1 L
25 L
5.2C, 5.2D (solid)
0.1 kg
25 kg
5.2E,5.2F (liquid)
0.5 L
100 L
5.2E, 5.2F (solid)
0.5 kg
100 kg
5,2B, 5.2C, 5.2D, 5.2F-if
substance needs temperature
control under the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 1 to 5
Controls) Regulations 2001
(liquid or solid)
Any quantity
5. 28, 5.2C - if substances does
not need tennperature control
under the Hazardous Substances
(Classes 1 to 5 Controls)
Regulations 2001 (liquid)
25 ml
5. 28, 5.2C - if substances does
not need temperature control
under the Hazardous Substances
(Classes 1 to 5 Controls)
Regulations 2001 (solid)
0.1kg
5.2D, 5.2E, 5.2F - if substance
does not need temperature
control under the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 1 to 5
Controls) Regulations 2001
(liquid)
125 ml
5.2D, 5.2E, 5.2F - if substance
does not need temperature
control under the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 1 to 5
Controls) Regulations 2001
(solid)
0.5 kg
5.2G (liquid)
5.0 L
50 L
5.2G (solid)
5.0 kg
50 kg
6.1A, 6.18,6. 1C
(non-permanent gas)
Any quantity
Any quantity
5 kg
6.1A, 6.1B, 6.1C (permanent
gas)
Any quantity
Any quantity
2.5 kg
6-1A,6.1B,6.1C (liquid)
Any quantity
Any quantity
100 L
6.1A, 6.1B, 6.1C(solid)
Any quantity
Any quantity
100 kg
120
NZS 8409:2004
Hazard classification
Quantity
for level 1
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 2
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 3
emergency
management
6.1C, 6.6A, 6.7A, 6.8A, 6.9A
(non-permanent gas)
0.1 kg
6.1 C, 6.6A, 6.7A, 6.8A, 6.9A
(permanent gas)
0.1 m3
6.1 C, 6.6A, 6.7A, 6.8A, 6.9A
(liquid)
0.1 L
6.1C, 6.6A, 6.7A, 6.8A, 6.9A
(solid)
0.5 kg
6.1D, 6.3A, 6.4A
(non-permanent gas)
0.1 kg
6.1 D, 6.3A, 6.4A (permanent
gas)
0.1 m3
6.1D,6.3A, 6. 4A (liquid)
0.1 L
6.1D,6.3A,6.4A (solid)
0.1 kg
6.1D, 6.5A, 6.5B, 6.6B, 6.7B,
6.8B, 6.8C, 6.9B (non-
permanent gas)
1.0 kg
6.1D, 6.5D, 6.5B, 6.6B, 6.7B,
6.8B, 6.8C, 6.9B (permanent
gas)
1.0 m3
6.1D, 6.5D, 6.5B, 6.6B, 6.7B,
6.8B, 6.8C, 6.9B (liquid)
1.0 L
6.1D, 6.5D, 6.5B, 6.6B, 6.7B,
6.8B, 6.8C, 6.9B (solid)
3.0 kg
6.1D, 6.5A, 6.5B, 6.7A
(non-permanent gas)
50 kg
6.1D, 6.5A, 6.5B, 6.7A
(permanent gas)
25 m3
6.1D,6.5A,6.5B, 6. 7A (liquid)
1,000 L
6.1D, 6.5A, 6.5B, 6.7A(solid)
1 ,000 kg
6.1E,6.3B,6.5A,6.5B (liquid)
1.0 L
6.1 E,6.3B,6.5A,6.5B (solid)
1.0 kg
6.1D, 6. 5D,6.5B, 6.68,6.78,
6.8B, 6.8C, 6.9B (liquid)
1.0 L
6.1E,6.3A,6.3B,6.4A (liquid)
SOL
6.1E,6.3A,6.3B,6.4A (solid)
50 kg
6.6A, 6.7B, 6.8A, 6.9A (liquid)
10,000 L
6.6A, 6.7B, 6.8A, 6.9A (solid)
10,000 kg
8.1 A, 8.2B (gas, liquid, or solid
Any quantity
100 Lor 100 kg
8.1A, 8. 2C, 8. 3A (non-
permanent gas)
1.0 kg
121
NZS 8409:2004
Hazard classification
Quantity
for level 1
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 2
emergency
management
Quantity
for level 3
emergency
management
8.1 A, 8.2C, 8.3A (permanent
gas)
1.0 m3
8.1A,8.2C,8.3A (liquid)
1.0 L
8.1A,8.2C,8.3A (solid)
2.0 kg
8.2A (non-permanent gas)
Any quantity
5 kg
8.2A (permanent gas)
Any quantity
2.5 m3
8.2A (liquid)
Any quantity
100 L
8.2A (solid)
Any quantity
100 kg
8.2B (non-permanent gas)
0.5 kg
50 kg
8.2B (permanent gas)
0.5 m3
25 m3
8.2B (liquid)
0.5 L
1,000 1
8.2B (solid)
1.0 kg
1,000 kg
8.2C, 8.3A (non-permanent gas)
0.1 kg
8.2C, 8.3A (permanent gas)
0.1 m3
8.2C, 8.3A (liquid)
0.1 L
10,000 L
8.2C, 8.3A (solid)
0.1 kg
10,000 kg
9.1 A (liquid)
0.1 L
5.0 L
100 L
9.1 A (solid)
0.1 kg
5.0 kg
100 kg
9.1 B (liquid)
0.2 L
5.0 L
1 ,000 L
9.1 B (solid)
0.2 kg
5.0 kg
1 ,000 kg
9.1C (liquid)
1.0 L
5.0 L
1 ,000 L
9.1C solid
1.0 kg
5.0 kg
1 ,000 kg
9. ID liquid
1.0 L
50 L
10,000 L
9.1 D solid
1.0 kg
50 kg
10,000 kg
9.2A, 9.3A, 9.4A (liquid)
0.1 L
5.0 L
9.2A, 9.3A, 9.4A (solid)
0.1 kg
5.0 kg
9. 28, 9.3B, 9.4B (liquid)
0.2 L
5.0 L
9.2B, 9.3B, 9.4B (solid)
0.2 kg
5.0 kg
9.2C, 9.3C, 9.4C (liquid)
1.0 L
5.0 L
9.2C, 9.3C, 9.4C (solid)
1.0 kg
50 kg
9.2D liquid
1.0 L
50 L
9.2D solid
1.0 kg
50 kg
NOTE-
(1 ) Volumes of gases are measured at 1 01 .3 kPa and 20 °C.
(2) All liquids are measured at 20 °C.
(3) Level 3 in table K1 triggers the need for an emergency response plan. Lower quantities also require
emergency management.
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NZS 8409:2004
An emergency response plan shall be provided for each place where the aggregate quantity of
hazardous substances of a particular hazard classification exceed those listed in table K1.
Examples where level 3 emergency management and hence an emergency response plan is
required are listed In table K2.
Table K2 - Examples of the quantities requiring an emergency response plan
HSNO classification (and example)
Liquid or Solid
Quantity
Flammable 3.1B (Ivomec Pour-on)
Liquid
1,000 L
Flammable 3.1C, 3.1D (Diesel)
Liquid
10,000 L
Oxidizer 5.1. 1.B (Pool Chlorine)
Solid
500 kg
Toxic 6.1A, 6.1B, 6.1C (Phorate)
Solid
100 kg
Toxic 6.1A, 6.1B, 6.1C (Diazinon, chlorpyrifos)
Liquid
100 L
Toxic 6.5B (Touchdown)
Liquid
1,000 L
Corrosive 8.3A (Lime sulphur)
Liquid
10,000 L
Ecotoxic 9.1 A (Waiken)
Liquid
100 L
NOTE-
(1) This is an incomplete table extracted from the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management)
Control Regulations. Users shall reference the full Schedule4 of those Regulationsto determine their
individual requirements.
(2) Level 3 in table K1 triggers the need for an emergency response plan. Lower quantities also require
emergency management - see K2 Emergency planning.
K4 Hazard Assessment
The first step in effective safety management is to recognize and understand the hazards. Knowing
what agrichemicals (hazardous substances) are on site is an essential part of emergency
preparedness as it enables the person in charge to establish the level of emergency management
to be met (table K1),
K4.1 Preparation of a manifest
A manifest is a complete list of the maximum quantity of each of the hazardous substances,
including dangerous goods that may be held on site at any one time.
A manifest is used to:
(a) Determine the physical requirements of premises used to store designated hazardous substances;
(b) Determine the relevant licences, consents or test certificates needed for the site;
(c) Identify the relevant legislation and industry performance standards appropriate to the site (how
much dedicated space is required by Class 3 and 5 substances);
(d) Provide the New Zealand Fire Service and emergency services with critical information in the
event of an emergency.
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NZS 8409:2004
K4.2 How to complete the manifest
Ranked in order of toxicity and or hazard class, the layout of the manifest gives priority to those
products of highest hazard first.
STEP 1 Determine the number of hazardous substance classes on site. The number of entries
will determine how many manifest pages are needed (a single page may be used if there are fewer
than 20 hazardous substances in total). Only one summary page will be needed.
STEP 2 Begin the list of products at the top of the page by Packing Group first, (list Packing
Group I first then II, then III). Then list by trade names alphabetically within the Packing Group of
all the dangerous goods classes stored on the site. Hazardous substances requiring tracking under
the HSNO Regulations shall also be listed in the column provided in the manifest. These hazardous
substances will often be the same products listed at the top of the dangerous goods list also. Use
a separate page for each class of hazardous substance. Refer to the transport documentation and
product label or the SDS/PSC to determine the relevant dangerous goods classes, hazardous
substance classifications and poisons schedule.
Classifications: [A, B, C]:
A Dangerous goods.
Many agrichemicals and dairy cleansers are classified as dangerous goods, most commonly Class
9 (Misc), Class 6 (Toxics), but also Class 3 (Flammable) and Class 8 (Corrosive). Retail premises
also store Class 5.1 Oxidizers (pool chemicals) and Class 4.3 Dangerous when wet (aluminium
phosphide).
Some products have a subsidiary risk 'dangerous goods' classification, for example, Class 6.1,
subsidiary risk 3. These shall be listed showing the two Classes, e.g. as (6.1/3). These subsidiary
classes can then be listed on the summary form as separate from Class 3 sub risk 6.1 (3/6.1).
Note the relevant packing group (PG) as I, II or III in the column marked PG. Refer to the SDS/PSC
for this (commonly listed under "Transport"). The definition of packing group is in 3.4.2 of NZS 5433
(I = high danger, II = medium danger, and III = low danger).
Most products are packing group III with the notable exceptions of aluminium phosphide (e.g.
Phostoxin, Fumitoxin) which is PG I and Ivomec Pour-on for cattle which is PG II.
B Hazardous substances under the HSNO Regulations.
Agrichemicals are classified as hazardous substances of varying Class depending on the control
classifications determined by ERMA, (e.g. Lime sulphur = 6.1 D, 6.3B, 6.5B, 8.3A, 9.1 D, 9.3C). (see
Appendix B1. 6 and C2. 2)
Hazardous substances of the following Classes shall be listed in the tracking column of the
manifest: 3.1 A, 3.2A, 5.1 .1 A, 5.2A & B, 6.1 A, 6.1 B, 6.1C, 9.1 A, 9.2A, 9.3A, 9.4A (SDSs and PSCs
will carry this information).
C Toxic substances schedules: e.g. SI , S2, S3 or S4.
The product labels currently have the following warning phrases (priority identifiers) for each of
the schedules (Note that these will be phased out and replace by the hazard classification system
under HSNO):
Schedule 1 = DEADLY POISON
Schedule 2 = DANGEROUS POISON
Schedule 3 - POISON
Schedule 4 = CAUTION.
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NZS 8409:2004
STEP 3 Determine the maximum quantity of eacli product likely to be stored on the premises
over any one quarter and enter this in column 8. If there are significant seasonal variations, it may
be helpful to note these on each quarterly summary sheet. Suppliers may report more often than
quarterly depending on quantities held and agreement with local Fire Service.
STEP 4 Calculate the total for each Class by packing group and HSNO Tracked Substances
Classes. Transfer that information to the manifest summary page.
K4,2.1 Sample manifest
A manifest or summary sheet can be in a range of styles. Table K3 is an example of a manifest that
when filled out, satisfies this Standard.
Table K3 - Sample manifest
Company name:
Emergency contact names:
Phone (24 hour):
Address:
Phone:
Fax:
Example
New Zealand Fire Service Manifest of Dangerous Goods Storage Details:
Premises:
Street address:
Trade name
Chemical
PG
UN No.
UN / DG
HSNO
Poison
Max.
name
Class
Class*
Sch.
quantity
stored at
any time
Feratox
Potassium -
Cyanide
1
1680
6.1
6.1A
1
50 kg
Thimet
Phorate
11
2783
6.1
6.1C
2
2,000 kg
PastureKleen
2,4-D
III
3082
9
3
550 L
NOTE -
PG = Packing Group
Poison Sch. = Toxic Substances Schedule 81, S2, S3, S4.
* Tracked substances should be marked with T
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NZS 8409:2004
K4.2.2 Sample manifest summary
Maximum quantities of hazardous substances and dangerous goods stored on premises in any one
quarterly period.
(Include all consignment/depot stock) This period: ,
UN Class
Maximum quantity
(kg/L)
Packing group
1
11
III
2.1
Flammable gases
2.2
Compressed gases
2.3
Toxic gases
3
Flammable liquids
3
(Sub risk 6)
4.1
Flammable solids
4.2
Spontaneously
combustible
4.3
Dangerous when wet
5.1
Oxidizing substances
5.2
Organic peroxide
6.1
Toxic
6.1
(Sub risk 3)
8
Corrosive
9
Miscellaneous
Total by packing
group:
Total HSNO tracked
substances:
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NZS 8409:2004
K5 Emergency Response Plans
K5,1 The emergency response plan
The emergency response plan shall provide for
(a) The identification of hazardous substances (the manifest);
(b) Rapid evacuation and accounting for everyone on the site;
(c) Self protection;
(d) First aid;
(e) Containment;
(f) Re-establishing controls and the location of the appropriate equipment;
(g) The appropriate response for all reasonably likely emergencies that may arise from a failure of
controls (including the sequence of action to be taken):
(i) Fire, including the requirements for fire extinguishers and their location, and any other fire
fighting equipment and materials
(ii) Spillage
(iii) Transport accidents involving agrichemicals
(iv) All other natural disasters (earthquake, poisoning, flooding);
(h) Briefing neighbours about the plan;
(i) Compliance with the approved codes and legislation (e.g. the Hazardous Substances
(Emergency Management) Regulations).
The equipment material and people specified in the plan shall be available. The people specified
by the plan shall be able to reach the site in the time specified and be able to perform the duties
and provide the advice required within a specified time.
The plan shall be available to every person specified in it and the appropriate emergency service.
K5.2 Emergency services
The plan shall specify a 24-hour emergency response service (e.g. 0800 CHEMICALS), contact
details for the emergency service provider, e.g. Dial 1 1 1 and ask for the police or ambulance, or
alternative ways of providing information on the hazardous substance and means of controlling it,
Information to be provided to emergency services shall include the following:
(a) A site plan indicating:
(i) The direction of north and prevailing wind
(ii) The boundaries of the premises and the names of adjacent streets
(iii) The location and identification of all buildings and external stores at the site
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NZS 8409:2004
(iv) Vehicular entry points, and vehicular access within the site
(v) The location of dangerous goods, particularly flammables
(vi) The Fire Service layout
(vii) Locations of the emergency assembly areas
(viii) Details of signage used and location
(ix) Design and installation of fire extinguishers;
(b) A copy of the current manifest listing the quantities, Classes, UN numbers, product and names
of the dangerous goods and hazardous substances being stored and their location within the
premises;
(c) A list of names and telephone or pager numbers (including at work and after hours) of personnel
within the occupier's organization who can provide specialist advice or assistance in an
emergency;
(d) Details of the evacuation system at the site, including:
(i) The type of alarm and its means of evacuation
(ii) Assembly areas, to enable emergency services to quickly determine if all of the occupant's
personnel have been evacuated, and
(iii) A means by which the emergency services can identify members of the warden structure
for the premises;
(e) Copies of the SDSs (SDS/PSC) for all of the hazardous substances on the site.
K5.3 Testing the emergency response plan
The procedures in the plan shall be tested:
(a) Within three months of a change to persons, procedures or actions;
(b) Within the last 12 months;
(c) The results of each test shall be documented and retained for two years.
K6 Emergency Planning - Spillage
Containment to the site is a basic requirement to be addressed In an emergency response plan.
K6.1 Secondary containment to be consistent with the HSNO Regulations
The Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations 35-41 require that secondary
containment shall be provided when the quantities of pooling substances exceed certain levels set
out in Schedule 4. See table K1 . the secondary containment system or bunding provided in a store
used to contain agrichemicals shall provide enough containment capacity for the volume of
materials stored and should also allow for fire fighting waters.
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NZS 8409:2004
Key factors are:
(a) Building specifications and segregation systems;
(b) Immediate availability of containment materials.
K6.1 ,2 Secondary containment capacity
As the person in charge, a supplier or user shall ensure that any part of the storage facility where
a hazardous substance spill may occur is serviced by a secondary containment system. The system
shall be constructed from impervious materials resistant to the hazardous substances used or
stored on the site and able to prevent the discharge of any spill or other unintentional release of any
hazardous substance orthe discharge of any contaminated stormwater or water used in fire fighting
into any wastewater network, unless permitted by the local authority. Table K4 sets out the capacity
requirements for secondary containment.
Table K4 - Secondary containment capacity requirements
Container capacity
Total volume stored
Containment volume needed
Up to 60 litres each
< 2,500 litres
50 % of the total volume stored
> 2,500 litres
2,500 litres or 0.25 x total volume stored,
whichever is greater
Over 60 litres and
up to 450 litres
< 5,000 litres
1 00 % of the total volume stored
> 5,000 litres
5,000 litres or 0.5 x total volume stored,
whichever is greater
Over 450 litres
-
11 % X the volume of the largest container
NOTE- An area 10 m x 10 m with a kerb 100 mm high has a capacity of 10 000 litres (1 m^ = 1000 litres).
K6.2 Building specifications and segregation systems
The building layout and segregation system used shall ensure that any spilt flammable or oxidizing
substances are contained in such a manner that they cannot be ignited (regulation 41(b) HSNO
(Emergency Management) Regulations). A metal storage cabinet is one way of achieving this.
The building layout and segregation system used shall also prevent people from being exposed
to spilt toxic or corrosive substances when they are contained (regulation 41(c) Hazardous
Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations).
Suppliers will need to consider public access issues if these spilt substances are to be retained
within the confines of the retail access areas. Similar public exposure issues shall be taken into
account when devising containment systems for outdoor drum storage areas.
If the existing stormwater drainage system is connected to the local stormwater system, then:
(a) There shall be a means of quickly blocking off the site drainage system in the event of a spillage;
(b) There shall be a procedure for removing spillage and any diluent;
(c) The perimeter of all storage areas shall be properly bunded. This secondary containment shall
adequately contain spillage from packages stored in the outdoor yard, packages stored in the
building and also in specific chemical, poisons, or dangerous goods storage areas. See
table K4.
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NZS 8409:2004
K6.3 Control of spills
Control of spills requires immediate availability of containment materials. The flow of any liquid
being spilled shall be controlled as soon as possible regardless of the source, volume or location
(e.g. move or turn a leaking drum into a position where leaking stops). Work up wind, minimizing
any physical contact with the agrichemical.
Effective control can only be achieved if the spill containment materials are immediately to hand and
are well labelled so that no lost time is spent locating materials and equipment.
Spillage most often occurs in the paved loading and unloading area of store yards in very close
proximity to stormwater grates. These stormwater intakes must be clearly marked and protected
with shut-off valves or the immediate availability of mats, sand bags or portable dykes and
absorbent materials.
Labelled spill kits containing protective clothing, information procedures, rubber mats and absorbent
mats, socks and bulk dry absorbent shall be prominently available in loading bays and near indoor
and outdoor storage areas. Heavy-duty plastic bags along with a broom and a shovel shall be
located with the spill kits.
Sawdust shall not be used in any part of a spillage control procedure.
Approved spill recovery drums appropriately labelled shall be made available in supplier stores.
These enable damaged or leaking drums to become immediately safe when deposited in the outer
recovery drum.
K6.4 Containment of spills
Actions in the event of a spillage include:
(a) First action - attend to any human casualties; then to spill control;
(b) Identify - Identify the products and type of hazard involved at a safe distance before getting
physically involved. (See 7.4.2.) If the agrichemical cannot be safely identified, then it shall be
treated as the most hazardous known to be on the site;
(c) Assess - The scope of emergency. For example, is the spill major or minor? Are fumes or gas
present, is a chemical reaction underway? Can I or other immediately available staff cope, or
should emergency services be called?;
(d) Alarm - Major or minor: Depending on the best assessment of the scope of the emergency,
either call emergency responses on 1 1 1 or relevant emergency 24 hour number, or raise local
alarm for minor issues without delay;
(e) For any emergency, time is important so raise the appropriate alarm first. Always advise others
of your plans before attempting any human rescue or salvage;
(f) Major or minor emergencies. Any amount of Class 3 and Class 6.1 in Packing Group I and II
will mean major emergency. In addition, HSNO Classes requiring Tracking such as 5.1 A and
5.2A, 6.1C, 9.1A-9.4Aare also major.
Minor emergencies involve small amounts, less than 200 litres of all other agrichemicals;
(g) Major spill/minor spill
Major spill - evacuate area, erect barricades and wait for the Fire Service. Make safety response
information available to the Fire Service on their arrival.
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NZS 8409:2004
Minor spill - keep non-essential persons away. Don appropriate PPE according to response
information, isolate the spillage and contain if safe to do so. Beware of fumes and interaction
with other agrichemicals;
(h) Spill containment - Spilled agrichemical shall not be allowed entry into any body of water,
including storm-water drains. Prevent the spread of the spillage with improvised bunds made
from commercial absorbent socks, dry absorbent, sand or soil. Spread absorbent material on
and around the spilt substance;
(i) Clean-up/clearance
• Liquid spills - pump into a safe container or absorb with appropriate materials and sweep up
for disposal. Do not use dispersants or emulsifiers;
• Powder spills - sweep or vacuum up and place in a safe container;
• If the spill needs to be neutralized, get a qualified contractor or contact the Fire Service or
Local authority;
• Keep the contaminated area as small as possible;
(j) Review - With the spill safely contained and absorbed awaiting collection and any personnel
safety issues under control, time can now be spent reviewing the safety information (SDS/PSC)
for confirmation of actions taken and next activities. Consider whether professionals need to
deal with the absorbed spill. Contact the manufacturing company for advice and/or the local
authority for confirmation on disposal procedures;
(k) Review SDS/PSC recommendations for site decontamination substances and procedure. All
exposed/contaminated salvage personnel involved in the recovery and cleanup shall remove
their protective clothing and wash thoroughly.
The person in charge should review why the spill occurred and develop procedures to prevent a
recurrence. Any materials used to deal with the spill emergency should be replaced.
NOTE - Spill response advice may be available from the local authority.
K7 Emergency Planning - Fire
(a) The fire protection system in a store used to contain agrichemicals shall provide fire fighting
equipment suitable for the materials stored and with enough capacity to;
(b) Quickly control and extinguish any fire that may occur;
(c) Provide fire protection to prevent agrichemicals from being affected by any nearby fire.
NOTE -
(1) In the event of a fire in any agrichemical storage building, it is essential that the Fire Brigade is notified
by dialling 111. Once the Fire Brigade has been notified, and it is considered safe, the fire can be attacked
with any suitable first aid fire fighting equipment available.
(2) When notifying emergency services, use a RAPID (Rural Address Property Identification) number where
one exists, to help the services accurately locate the emergency site if it is in a rural area.
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NZS 8409:2004
K7.1 Legislation and fire preparedness
K7.1 .1 Manifest and site plan
The Fire Services Act (section 21 A) requires that a manifest and site plan be provided where
hazardous substances are present.
K7.1.2 Evacuation
The Fire Safety and Evacuation of Buildings Regulations require that in a place of work employing
10 or more people, an authorized evacuation scheme shall be provided,
K7.2 Design and heat protection
Fire protection and response systems shall be so designed that the emergency response
equipment is appropriate for the type, class and quantities of agrichemicals stored.
Class 3 flammables and Class 5 Oxidizers shall be stored in either metal cabinets or in fire rated
construction. Users decanting or opening Class 3 products shall provide a low hazardous
atmosphere zone. Refer to AS/NZS 2430.3 for spark and atmosphere controls.
K7.3 Smoke detection devices
K7.3.1 Users
Users shall install smoke alarms in indoor areas where Class 3 Flammables are opened for
measuring or decanting and stored once opened.
K7.3,2 Suppliers
Suppliers should consider a monitored alarm system in conjunction with their security system.
Regular checks shall be made on effectiveness.
K7.4 Fire extinguishers and location
The Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulation 21 specifies the number of fire
extinguishers to be held when quantities of hazardous substances exceed the levels specified in
Schedule 3 (Level 2 emergency management - see table K1 ), The number of extinguishers is not
cumulative, and it is enough to have the highest of the numbers specified for the various
classifications of substances held. (See table J2).
K7,4.1 Users ' emergency management
Mount at least one 4.5 kg multi-purpose dry powder fire extinguisher outside or close to the store.
K7,4.2 Supplier's emergency management
Locate the appropriate number of 9 kg fire extinguishers no further than 30 metres from where the
agrichemical is located (regulation 22(2) HSNO (Emergency Management) Regulations). These
location points shall be near normal staff working areas and along exit routes and shall be well
identified with location blazes located above eye height. Special risk portable fire extinguishers
shall be located appropriate to the risk covered (C02 for electricity, and dry powder for cyanide
etc.).
Each site shall have at least one hose reel, which must be able to reach any part of the premises
with water spray or as a full jet delivery. Refer to NZS 4503.
K7.4.3 Type of fire extinguisher
Where metal cabinets are used to store a maximum of 250 kg/litres of Class 3, 4 or 5. 1 substances
and aerosols of UN 1950, a multi-purpose dry chemical extinguisher rated 2A60B(E) minimum size
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NZS 8409:2004
4.5 kg shall be mounted a sufficient distance from the cabinet so that it can be safely reached in
an emergency.
K7.5 Fire drills
Where fire alarms are installed they shall be clearly marked and their operation known to all
employees. Pre-planned fire drills simulating an actual fire shall be held so that staff and
emergency services can familiarize themselves with the agreed procedures.
K7.5.1
In the event of a fire:
(a) The premises or property shall be evacuated;
(b) The Fire Service shall be contacted;
(c) If significant smoke is being generated, all people and animals in the vicinity, especially
downwind shall be evacuated;
(d) A doctor and or ambulance should be standing by;
(e) Firefighters shall be made aware of the hazards on the premises. The manifest and associated
site plan will meet this requirement;
(f) Fire should be fought with water fog, foam or dry agent. If only water is available it shall be used
as a fine spray or fog. Water jets from high-pressure hoses break containers and can make a
chemical fire worse;
(g) Fire fighting water and spilt agrichemical shall be contained throughout the fire fighting
operation;
(h) If dangers arise from exploding containers or there is emission of noxious fumes, consider
withdrawing and allowing the fire to burn out under Fire Service supervision;
(i) If a serious fire warrants fire fighting with large volumes of water and run-off containment is
threatened, the local authority shall be informed;
(j) Additional secondary containment or dykes shall be built to contain the run-off;
(k) Any person exposed to fumes, smoke or splashing and any person showing signs of illness,
dizziness etc. shall be treated by medical professionals Immediately;
(I) Clean-up procedures shall only commence once the Fire Service and local authority clearance
has been given.
K8 Emergency Planning - Transport
K8.1 Information
This section is for the transport of dangerous goods in situations where all the requirements of the
Land Transport Rule: Dangerous Goods 1 999 apply. Any substance (agrichemical) that has a UN
number is a dangerous good. The Land Transport Rule requirements for Emergency Response
Information (ERI) to be made available for practically all transactions of dangerous goods; is a most
important requirement for both suppliers and users.
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NZS 8409:2004
The supplier shall provide emergency response information for all sales of dangerous goods and
users shall carry this document when carrying agrichemicals on the road. This provides the key
information required in dealing with transport emergencies. Figure K1 outlines action to be taken
in the event of a transport emergency.
Other sources of emergency response information can be found in:
(a) The SNZ HB 76. This handy booklet size guide provides emergency information once the user
has correctly identified the UN Number or Proper Shipping Name;
(b) The New Zealand Chemical Industry Council operates a 24-hour emergency response service
specifically designed to help manage transport emergencies involving dangerous goods. The
number is 0800 CHEMCALL (0800 243 622).
K8.2 The consignor
The consignor shall have a plan to handle the worst emergency and should:
(a) For bulk loads:
(i) Maintain a continuous telephone service whilst the goods are on the vehicle
(ii) Ensure that whoever answers the phone knows what to do, i.e. the person is technically-
trained and understands the properties and hazards of the products and is capable of giving
advice for them;
OR
(ili) The person who answers the telephone is able to contact a technically competent person
quickly and that this person has the means of going to the scene quickly if required to do
so
(iv) Consider whether neutralizing chemicals are needed in case of a spill and ensure that they
can get a supply of the chemicals at short notice
(v) Consider the equipment required for the transfer of goods from a disabled tanker and the
source of supply of such equipment
(vi) Consider what safety equipment is necessary for handling a spill and whether such
equipment shall be available for any staff who may have to visitthe scene of an emergency;
(b) For packaged goods:
(i) Arrange for any special supplies or equipment to be available at the scene of an emergency
within a reasonable time
(ii) Give technical advice on the properties and hazards of the products despatched
(iii) Have an agreed plan of operations and communications with the prime contractor for the
actions both will take in an emergency.
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NZS 8409:2004
K8.3 The prime contractor
For transport of dangerous goods, the prime contractor is the person who is responsible for the
transport of goods from one place to another. It includes a person transporting goods owned by
that person, but not an employee or subcontractor engaged by that person for the purpose.
The prime contractor shall make arrangements so that the special equipment needed for recovery
of the vehicle is available at the scene of an emergency within a reasonable period of time.
The emergency plan shall be made in consultation with the customers for whom they are
transporting dangerous goods. The emergency plan shall be written down and all employees
involved - particularly drivers - shall be aware of what they have to do in an emergency.
K8.4 The driver
In an emergency involving a breakdown or where a spill of hazardous substances has occurred,
the driver must not put themselves or the public at risk. They shall carry out the following duties.
(a) Where no spill has occurred:
(i) Move the vehicle to a safe position clear of traffic (if possible)
(ii) If the vehicle cannot be moved to a safe position, turn on hazard warning lights and put out
emergency warning triangles
(iii) If the vehicle is blocking the road, contact the police to control traffic until the vehicle is
recovered
(iv) Contact the prime contractor, or cause him to be contacted so that arrangements can be
made to recover the vehicle;
(b) Where a spill of hazardous substances has occurred:
(i) Do a preliminary assessment of the situation
(ii) Warn persons in the area who may be at risk
(iii) If the vehicle cannot be moved to a safe position clear of traffic, put out emergency warning
triangles
(iv) Contact the nearest police or fire brigade informing them of the situation (or cause them to
be informed) and the name and UN number of the substance which is leaking
(v) Put on whatever safety gear has been provided and take whatever actions required by the
Emergency Response Information (ERI) which Is sometimes attached or part of the DGD
NOTE - Drivers must on no account put themselves at risk.
(vi) Give the police and fire brigade such assistance and information as they may require, e.g.
copies of the DGD/ERI
(vii) Inform the prime contractor (or cause them to be informed)
(viii) Advise the local authority i.e. the regional or district council of the spillage.
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NZS 8409:2004
Figure K1 - Transport accident emergency flow chart
Phone Ambulance tel. 111, advise
location, advise number of casualties,
advise of agrichemical incident
-Yes-
Are there any casualties?
Phone Fire Service tel. 1 1 1 , advise
location, advise nature of incident and
advise. type and quantity of chemicals
involved
No
-Yes^
LA
Is there a fire involved?
No
LA.
Is there a spill involved?
Yes
If possible, contain the spillage, warn
public and bystanders to keep clear
-No-
Does the spill require any
specialist attention?
Phone Fire Service tel. 111, advise
location, advise nature of incident and
advise type and quantity of chemicals
involved
-No-
Yes
Li
Have the emergency
services been advised?
No
Yes
Phone Regional Council if Fire
Service not notified
-Yes-
AA
Has any agrichemical
entered a waterway, or land
where it would enter water?
No
Phone owner/employer and advise
-No-
ii
Has the owner of the
property been notified?
Yes
Stay on site.
Keep public away.
Assist emergency services.
*People should not endanger themselves in identifying the type and quantity of chemical involved.
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NZS 8409:2004
APPENDIX L
General Storage Requirements
(Normative)
L1 General
Safe and secure storage of agrichemicals is essential:
(a) To ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements;
(b) To protect people, animals and the environment.
(c) Details for small scale stores and larger stores are provided (section L3 and L4). Always seek
expert advice before building storagefacilities for agrichemicals where the storage requirements
for specific products, or quantities, need clarification or where circumstances differ from those
covered by this Standard.
L2 Emergency Manqgement
All agrichemical storage areas require some emergency planning. The extent of the plan depends
on the quantities and type of agrichemicals held in the store. The following section provides an
outline of what is required. See Appendix K for emergency management levels, and other details
of emergency management.
L2.1 Emergency planning
The Health and Safety in Employment Act (HSE) requires employers to make sure employees know
what to do if an emergency arises. Self-employed people have the same responsibility. The
Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations also require persons in charge of
places of work to have information available within a certain time (see Appendix C2.2).
(a) Prepare an emergency (contingency) plan. The plan shall include:
(i) First aid and the fire control information on the products in stock
(ii) Telephone numbers of emergency services:
(A) Doctor
(B) Ambulance
(C) Fire Service
(D) Local authorities (including regional and district councils);
NOTE - The local authority shall be notified as soon as practicable where it is likely that agrichemicals could
enter surface water or soil water or be discharged unsafely into the air.
(b) Ensure all staff are aware of the plan;
(c) Train new staff so they know what to do in an emergency, such as a chemical spill, fire,
earthquake, or poisoning accident, run regular refresher training for you and existing staff. See
Appendix K5;
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NZS 8409:2004
(d) Keep a copy of the Emergency Plan in a waterproof place where it can be easily located by
emergency services. The plan nnay be in a locker attached to the outside of the store or a
cupboard in a nearby building. Bear in mind that funnes or fire may prevent access to the plan
if it is left inside the store. It may be convenient to keep PSCs or SDSs and product inventory
records with the Emergency Plan;
(e) Keep the plan up-to-date and test it every 12 months.
L2.2 Fire protection
Designate the store and its surroundings as a "no smoking area". Mount at least one 4.5 kg multi-
purpose dry powder fire extinguisher outside the store. See table J3 and Appendix K7 for details.
L2.3 Incident checklist
In the event of an incident, the following shall be followed:
(a) Prevent unauthorized people from entering the storage area;
(b) Give the correct first aid if necessary. Follow the instructions of the label, Product Safety Card
(PSC) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS);
(c) Decide if you can contain the spill. Less than 200 litres is possible. For larger amounts or
dangerous chemicals contact the emergency services;
(d) Extinguish all ignition sources (cigarettes, engines, heaters);
(e) Put on personal protective equipment (PPE) - goggles, overalls, gloves and boots;
(f) Use absorbent products (sand, dry earth or clays, lime, proprietary booms, etc.) to contain any
liquid;
(g) Shovel up all contaminated sorbent into a leak-proof container;
(h) Use a vacuum cleaner for solid spills but ensure that the dustbag is safely handled and disposed
of;
(i) Contact the manufacturer and the local authorities (including regional and district councils)
regarding disposal of the clean-up material;
(j) Provide easy uncluttered access from the storage facility to the mixing site to minimize the
possibility of spillage or contamination;
(k) A hose shall not be used to hose down the spilt chemical.
L3 Safe Storage of Agrichemicals - Suppliers
Suppliers shall utilize many of the relevant requirements set out in L2 but it is likely that their
obligations will be greater.
L3.1 Supplier differentiation
Suppliers are divided into two groups based upon their requirements to supply information required
under the Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations:
(a) Those who supply information irrespective of quantity for all HSNO Classes (e.g. agrichemical
retail);
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NZS 8409:2004
(b) Those who are exempt from supplying information for those substances and quantities listed in
Schedule 2 of the Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations (e.g. supermarkets,
hardware shops). See table K1 .
L3.2 Location and legislation
Manufacturer and retailer location requirements will be different butthe first need is to meet the local
authority requirements for resource consent to operate a hazardous substance storage facility in
particular zones in industrial, light industrial or rural categories of the district plan for the particular
operation (e.g. manufacture, distributor, transit store or retail).
L3.2.1 General considerations
The establishment and operation of a hazardous facility will require careful consideration of the
following factors:
(a) Selection of an appropriate site;
(b) Compliance with the minimum performance requirements of relevant legislation, (e.g. Hazardous
Substances and New Organisms Act (HSNO), Resource Management Act (RMA));
(c) General resource management issues;
(d) Adherence to recognized management systems.
L3.2,2 Site
The choice of an appropriate site for a hazardous facility is generally influenced by the following
criteria:
(a) Commercial considerations:
(i) Location of, size of and access to the site
(ii) Vicinity of suppliers and customers
(iii) Proximity of competitors
(iv) Price
(b) Planning or resource management requirements:
(i) Regional and/or district plan provisions which may be favourable or present barriers
according to community aspirations
(ii) The type and extent of the risk presented by the facility
(c) Environmental aspects - Proximity to sensitive environmental features such as a water body,
natural protected area or a similar environmental valuable resource is likely to add to the risk
profile of the facility;
(d) Social considerations - The vicinity of sensitive land uses such as schools, hospitals or
residential areas will influence the suitability of the site.
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L3.2.3 Legislation
A hazardous facility must comply with minimum performance requirements promulgated under
several pieces of legislation, as follows:
(a) HSNO- Limiting the ability of hazardous substances to manifest their hazardous characteristics
(explosiveness, flammability, oxidizing capacity, corrosiveness, toxicity and/or ecotoxicity) to
the detriment of humans, ecosystems and/or the built environment through:
(i) Packaging and containment
(ii) Identification (or hazard communication) through labels, signs and information sources,
PSCs and SDS
(iii) Tracking of highly hazardous substances
(iv) approved handler status for key staff
(v) Test certificates for premises - see table L1
(vi) Emergency response
(vii) Safe disposal
(viii) Emergency preparedness and response procedures;
Table L1 - Quantities of hazardous substances that activate hazardous substance
location requirements
Hazard classification
Quantity beyond which controls apply
2.1.1AandB
100 kg (or 100 m^ if a gas)
2.1.2A
3,000 L (aggregate water capacity)
3.1A
20 L (open or closed containers)
3.1B
100 L in containers greater than 5 L (closed)
250 L in containers up to and including 5 L (closed)
50 L (open)
3.1C
500 L In containers greater than 5 L (closed)
1,500 L in containers up to and including 5 L (closed)
250 L (open)
4.1.1A
1kg
4.1.1B
100 kg
4.2A
1 kg
4.2B and C
25 kg
4.3A
1 kg
4.3B
25 kg
4.3C
50 kg
5.1.1B
500 kg or 500 L (closed)
50 kg or 50 L (open)
5.1.1C
1,000 kg or 1,000 L (closed)
100 kg or 100 L (open)
NOTE-
(1) Hazardous substance location test certificates are required only for class 2 (flammable gas),
3 (flammable liquid), 4 (flammable solid) and 5 (oxidisers).
(2) These requirements also apply to transit depots.
(3) A full list of relevant classifications is given in Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls)
Regulations.
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(b) RMA - Compliance with relevant rules in the "Hazardous Substances Management" part of
district and/or regional plans, which may set out requirements for:
(1) Site design
(ii) Site layout
(iii) Storage of hazardous substances
(iv) Site drainage systems
(v) Spill containment systems
(vi) Washdown areas
(vii) Underground storage tanks
(viii) Signage
(ix) Waste management
(x) Maximum permissible quantities of hazardous substances, above which resource consent
for the site will be required;
Typically, such provisions consist of two elements:
(A) A set of minimum performance requirements that apply to any facility using, storing or
otherwise handling hazardous substances
(B) A mechanism for distinguishing between hazardous facilities deemed to be of low risk (i.e.,
permitted activities) and those of higher risk (i.e., those requiring a resource consent,
enabling further controls to be imposed). See L3.2.4;
(c) Building Act -Compliance with the Building Act and Clause F3 of the Building Code (Hazardous
Substances and Processes). Clause F3 of the Building Code can be used to adapt existing
stores to meet hazardous facilities storage requirements;
(d) HSE Act
(i) Implementation of hazard identification processes and incident notification procedures
(ii) Compliance with designated Codes of Practice;
(e) Fire Safety and Evacuation of Buildings Regulations. Fire Service Act-This legislation requires
an authorized evacuation scheme to be provided in a place of work employing 10 or more
people. Section 21Aof the Fire Service Act requires that an emergency services manifest and
site plan be provided where hazardous substances are stored.
L3,2-4 The hazardous facility screening procedure (HFSP)
HFSP is a mechanism that is used by some district councils to help establish threshold levels of
hazardous substances to determine whether resource consent is required. While it is used to
determine the resource consent status of a proposed hazardous facility, it is not suitable to
determine the outcome of a resource consent application. Contact the local authority.
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L3.2,5 Licences
In addition to the resource consent required from the local authority, the supplier shall satisfy any
licensing requirements for existing premises including building warrants of fitness and poison
licences. Building consents or fire ratings under the Building Code shall be obtained for new
premises or alterations to existing ones.
Test certificates for premises issued by ERMA accredited test certifiers will be required as
hazardous substances are transferred to ERMA control from the now repealed dangerous goods
legislation. Persons in charge of hazardous substance locations may be required to have a current
test certificate which relates to the need for approved handlertest certificates, a secure facility and
signage.
L3.3 Location and general requirements
L3,3.1 Mixed classes
Where agrichemicals may be stored with mixed classes of dangerous goods and hazardous
substances in supplier stores, the local authority resource consent to operate a store will impose
specific conditions needing to be adopted for a particular site. However, general requirements for
existing operations are set out in AS/NZS 3833, which provides general requirements for
dangerous goods, with additional specific requirements for Hazardous Substances coming from the
various HSNO Control Regulations.
NOTE - AS/NZS 3833 does not apply to agrichemicals supplied in bulk containers. Bulk, refers to liquid or
gaseous substances contained In receptacles of a capacity greaterthan 250 litres. Surface containers of over
60 litres and up to 450 litres are considered as non-bulk under the HSNO Regulations.
If only a small proportion of Class 3 flammable substances and or Class 5 Oxidizing substances are
present (25 % of the total) , it may be more cost effective to remove them from the mixed Class store
and store them according to the relevant Class standard rather than to upgrade the whole of the
store to meet the more stringent requirements applicable to flammable and oxidizing substances
(e.g. Hazardous atmosphere zones in HSNO Regulations).
An acceptable solution could be the use of dangerous goods (DG) approved metal cabinets for
these products (refer to AS/NZS 3833).
L3.3.2 Fammable storage rules
Class 3 Flammable Substances Requirements for Suppliers
Suppliers storing quantities of Class 3.1 A, 3.1 B, 3.1 C hazardous substances in closed containers
in excess of 100 litres shall provide a hazardous atmosphere zone to store these flammable
Classes, (3.1 C substances include many agrichemicals e.g. Malathion EC).
This requirement can be met with the use of approved metal cabinets or creating a spark free zone
around the stored Class 3 substances which includes separating incompatible substances by 3
metres or installing fire resistance rated walls of FRR1 20/1 20/1 20 (a 2 hour fire rating).
NOTE - It is an acceptable solution to use linings and ceilings to create a Type F building which meets Part
F3 of the Approved Documents for the NZBC.
This Type F construction is suitable for suppliers where storage capacity of flammable substances
is less than 2,000 litres.
L3.3.3 Isolation distances (flammables)
Where quantities less than 2,000 litres of non-bulk containers are to be kept, there shall be a
minimum of 3 metres physical distance kept between the store and the title boundary or habitable
work.
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A manufacturer storing more than 2,000 litres of flammable substances shall keep isolation
distances to title boundaries in accordance with the resource consent.
L3.3.4 Isolation distances (oxidizers)
Where quantities of 500 kg/litres or more are to be stored in unopened containers, a minimum
distance of 5 metres shall be maintained from ignition sources. A minimum of 3 metres physical
distance shall be kept between the store and the title boundary or habitable work and incompatible
substances. (Common pool chlorine and chloride of lime stocked by suppliers are classified as
5.1.1B hazardous substances.)
L3.4 Transit storage/ transit depots
A transit depot is a permanent place that is designed to hold hazardous substances in unopened
containers while they are in transit. It excludes means of transport, and excludes any place where
the substances are held for sale or supply. The substances can be held in the depot for no more
than 3 days.
These can include consignment or agency stores or transport depots where product is enroute to
retailers or users, (e.g. spraying contractor depots etc.).
In any event these transit depots shall be built to the same specifications as the main store.
There are significant notification and handling controls required.
NOTE - Refer to the Hazardous Substances (Class 1-5) Regulations.
L3.5 Secondary containment/bunding
The Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations (regulations 35-41) define the
requirements for secondary containment systems where hazardous substances that are fluids or
are likely to liquefy in a fire (termed "pooling substances") are held in excess of amounts specified.
The construction shall take account of the maximum volume of hazardous substances likely to be
stored at any one time.
Suppliers shall provide a secondary containment system that is constructed of impervious material
resistant to the substances being stored. Secondary containment may be required depending on
the substance and the amount stored at any one time.
Outdoor drum storage areas shall be provided with spill control mechanisms that could include
rubber mats and absorption sacks to seal off drains. Lengths of proprietary absorption socks and
dry absorbent shall be provided in easy reach to the drum storage area.
Storm water intakes shall be clearly marked with yellow paint. They are often located in the middle
of paved load out bays and shall be protected either with cut-off valves or able to be blocked off
with mats, socks or bags of sand. These spill control mechanisms shall be clearly labelled and
located adjacent to the stormwater grates needing protection.
NOTE -
(1 ) Refer to the Hazardous Substances (Emergency Management) regulations 35 and 36 for information on
the volume of secondary containment required. See table K4.
(2) Refer to the PSC or check with the supplier for information on whether the volume of substance stored will
require secondary containment.
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L3.6 Ventilation
Flammable substances held in storage in quantities greater than 100 litres are affected by the
flammable storage rules, (see L3.3. 2). Theseflammablesubstancesshall be provided with enough
ventilation to control the flammable vapour concentrations and to maintain oxygen concentrations
at 20.9 %.
Vents located in the upper and lower walls as well as the roof should provide natural ventilation.
Enclosed chemical stores within the confines of retail premises where the general public have
access shall be provided with adequate natural ventilation and/or extractor fans.
To assist air circulation, a clear space of 1.0 metre shall be maintained between the topmost
products and the roof.
L3.7 Shelving or racking and safe stacking heights
Pallet racking and storage shelving shall be securely fastened to the floor or support beams to
minimize spillage in the event of an earthquake.
Shelving shall be resistant to the products being stored.
Block storage of bulky product should be discouraged in favour of racking. Where product must be
stored In blocks on the ground the following guidelines are recommended:
(a) Limit blocks to a width of 2 pallets, a maximum height of 4 pallets and a length of 8 pallets, (e.g.
Paper and plastic sacks);
(b) Include an inspection aisle of at least 0.5 metres between blocks and a 1 metre gap along the
wall;
(c) Placard the blocks of bulk dangerous goods with appropriate hazard diamond signs;
(d) 20 litre steel drums shall be stacked no more than 2 high per pallet and a maximum of 4 pallets
high;
(e) 20 litre plastic drums shall be stacked no more than 2 high per pallet and a maximum of 2 pallets
high;
(f) Maintain a clear space of at least 1 .0 metre above the top of the uppermost pallet.
L3.8 Product separation and segregation
Safe and effective storage of agrichemicals in supplier stores is based on:
(a) Correct packaging;
(b) Separation of incompatible products.
L3,8.1 Packaging
Before any dangerous goods or hazardous substances are moved anywhere into storage, the
supplier shall ensure that the product is packed in the right quality packaging. The manufacturer
should have matched the current formulation to the appropriate United Nations (LIN) approved
packaging for transport hazards (DGs). For hazardous substances, the approved packaging is as
laid out in the Hazardous Substances (Packaging) Regulations.
If the hazardous substance is not packed in the correct quality packaging; subsequent storage,
human and environmental safety will be compromised. This applies to both inner and outer
packaging irrespective of package size. The store operator shall seek solutions from the
manufacturer for the deficient packaging before storing the product.
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L3,8.2 Segregation
Once approved packaging has been proven, the store operator can plan and organize an effective
segregation policy based upon the following priorities:
(a) Product segregation minimizes the risk of fire and consequential environmental damage that is
possible by mixed storage arrangements;
(b) Use the 'Flammable Storage Rules' (L 3.3.2). If only a small proportion of Class 3 flammable
substances and or Class 5 oxidizing substances are present they should be isolated. It may be
more cost effective to remove them from the mixed Class store and store them according to the
relevant Class standard rather than to upgrade the whole of the store to meet the more stringent
requirements for Class 3 and 5 substances;
(c) Restrict the retail presence of Class 3 and 5 Substances. A supplier with a retail shop shall store
a maximum of 250 litres of Class 3 flammables and 50 kg of Class 5.1 .1 B substances in the
public access retail areas. The balance of Class 3 and 5 stock not required for retail presence
shall be stored under the separation rule set out in (d), (e) and (g);
(d) Keep Class 3 and 5 separated AWAY from each other by 3 metres. Keep Class 6 and 8
substances away from Class 5 also by 3 metres;
(e) Segregate or position apart Class 8 from 3 and 6 substances. The segregation distance shall
vary from 0.3 m to 1 .0 m depending on the quantity in stock;
(f) Separation and segregation can be achieved with non-dangerous goods or low hazard products
provided they are non-combustible. They can be used to provide a barrier between the Classes
listed above. Effective separation and segregation can also be achieved by using blocks of
Class 9 substances as barriers between incompatible Classes provided the packaging is
approved;
(g) Utilize metal cabinets to store away from each other, highly hazardous substances such as
gaseous fumigants, aluminium phosphide, cyanides and phosphorous paste etc. as well as
Class 3 and 5 substances;
(h) Smelly Class 6 substances shall be provided with sufficient ventilation. These include the
granular formulations of organo-phosphate insecticides;
(i) Segregate all agrichemicals by their product types: insecticides, herbicides, fungicides etc. to
avoid any possibility of cross-contamination. Also keep solids and liquids segregated as for the
recommendations for users in L4.4.5;
(j) Subsidiary risk is just as important. Substances that have a subsidiary risk must be segregated
by both primary and subsidiary risk;
(k) Food items. Animal feedstuffs and any human food item or empty containers shall be separated
AWAY from all dangerous goods and hazardous substances;
(I) Aerosols. Aerosols with a UN 1 950 classification shall be treated as for Class 3 in (b), (c) and
(d);
(m) Veterinary medicines. Observe regulatory requirements specific to these products, such as the
need to secure PARs (prescription animal remedies) and to refrigerate some products (for
example, some vaccines).
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L3-9 Forklift trucks
Suppliers shall arrange for all forklift drivers to have current certificates from OSH approved
trainers. Procedures for each store should be developed from the OSH "Approved Code of Practice
for Training Operators and Instructors of Powered Industrial Lift Trucks". This procedure should
include "Forklift Operating" signage at each entrance both inside and outside the store where
forklifts operate. A flameproof or spark arrestor supplied vehicle shall be used in stores where
flammables are present. Provision shall be made for a fire extinguisher and securement of keys
when parked.
L3.10 Signs and placards
Use safety signs and posters within the store to warn and remind staff and others of hazards and
safe use guidelines. This includes prominently displayed Emergency Response information (e.g.
Local Doctor or Hospital address and phone numbers). Ensure that everyone who uses the store
understands the meaning of the signs and messages.
Placarding requirements for outside the facility are as follows:
(a) All Agrichemical storage areas shall be placarded HAZCHEM 3WE Agrichemicals, together
with a panel of hazard pictograms reflective of the products stored;
(b) All placards shall be secured to the agrichemical storage building in such a way as to be clearly
visible from all normal lines of approach;
(c) Appropriate HAZCHEM signage shall be displayed when the aggregate quantity of any one
hazardous substance classification exceeds the amount specified in Schedule 3 of the
Hazardous Substances (Identification) Regulations;
NOTE - See NZCIC Code of Practice on "Signage for Premises Storing Hazardous Substances and
Dangerous Goods".
(d) In addition, any other notices or warnings required by other regulatory authorities shall be
displayed. This includes the requirements of the HSE and the HSNO Act.
L4 Safe Storage of Agrichemicals (Users)
L4=1 Location
Regardless of whether the store is a stand-alone facility, part of an existing building or a temporary
store, storage areas shall be located:
(a) Away from obvious hazards such as incinerators, welding gear and areas where fuel or other
flammable materials are stored. Keep the surrounding area clear of combustible vegetation and
refuse by at least 3 metres;
(b) Awayfromareasof possible pollution risk to dwellings, livestock buildings, fodder, feeds, crops,
waterways, wells and other environmentally sensitive areas - both during normal operation and
in the event of a spill or fire. A distance of approximately 1 metres from any dwelling or property
boundary is recommended;
(c) Away from strong winds, and any area that has a flood risk.
NOTE - Some local authorities have requirements for the location of agrichemical storage sheds, such as
setbacks from waterways and bores.
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L4,2 Construction
Construct the store soundly, in compliance with its resource consent, local by-laws and regional and
district plans. Important store features include:
(a) A fully bunded impervious floor or drip trays which will readily contain any spilled product. For
large storage areas refer L3.5;
(b) Fire protection - Ceiling and walls that provide a Fire Resistance Rating [FRR] of 1 20/1 20/1 20
will provide a Type F store inside a building for up to 2000 litres of flammable liquid in containers;
NOTE-
(1) FRR 120/120/120 refers to the time, in minutes, that the store can resist fire in three categories -
structural adequacy, integrity and insulation.
(2) Refer to the Hazardous Substances (Classes 1-5 Controls) Regulations.
(c) Flammable liquids (class 3) in quantities greater than listed in table LI require a hazardous
substance location to be established (refer Hazardous Substance (Classes 1 to 5 Controls)
Regulations and the Supplement to the NZ Gazette No. 72, 2004;
(d) Fire extinguishers (see table J2, Regulation 21 and Schedule 3 of the Hazardous Substances
(Emergency Management) Regulations);
(e) Moisture control, the contents must be dry at all times to prevent spoilage;
(f) Products stored out of direct sunlight;
(g) Good ventilation and lighting. Additional extractor fans may be required and spark resistant
lighting may also be required if the quantities of flammable hazardous substance trigger the
threshold levels for hazardous atmosphere zones (e.g. 100 litres of Class 3(c) substances);
(h) Convenient access, with forklift access for larger stores. This will lessen the likelihood of spills
and facilitate any emergency operation;
(i) Appropriate signs. A "No Smoking" and orange "HAZCHEM 2WE, Agrichemicals" signs are the
minimum. Hazardous substances in quantities laid out in Schedule 5 of the Hazardous
Substances (Emergency Management) Regulations require specific Class labels (e.g. 10,000
litres of lime sulphur).
L4,3 Security
Secure the storage area, which may be a separate building, an area within another building or a
temporary storage area so that access by children, unauthorized persons, pets, livestock and
vermin is prevented.
L4.4 Management of the store
L4.4.1 Responsibility and competency
Give one person responsibility for the conditions of the store and the management of its contents.
This person needs to have appropriate qualifications or training (e.g. GROWSAFE® certificate)
including an approved handler test certificate (Hazardous Substances (Classes 1 to 5 Controls)
Regulations and Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations) if storing
'restricted hazardous substances', and a good understanding of how to correctly handle hazardous
materials and prepare an emergency management plan. They also need to understand the
principles of product separation and segregation, and possible consequences of careless handling
(see 2.6.2).
NOTE - A location test certificate must be obtained from an ERMA test certifier. See www.ermanz.govt.nz.
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L4-4,2 Receipt of products
A checklist:
.(a) Check every single container received into the store to ensure the correct product has been
delivered and that the entire label is intact including inserts and neckties etc.;
(b) Check that a PSC or other type of safety information (SDS) has been supplied with the original
delivery. Subsequent deliveries of the same product may not come with safety information;
(c) Do not accept leaking containers. Isolate and return them to the supplier in a secure container
(preferably by having the supplier arrange collection);
(d) Labels shall be written in English and comply with the requirements of the approval of the
substance under the HSNO Act, and its registration under the ACVM Act (see, for example, the
AGCARM Labelling Code of Practice);
(e) When a container is received into the store, check the date of manufacture on the label or record
the date it is received on the container, using a waterproof pen;
(f) Make sure that vaccines have valid expiry dates on products just received.
L4,4,3 Records and information
Keep the following records in a known location away from the store, accessible to emergency
services:
(a) A readily accessible record of all products received and all products used (product inventory);
(b) PSC or SDS for each product;
(c) File this information alphabetically by Trade Name and keep readily available. It is required to
be accessible in 10 minutes.
L4.4,4 Storage of products
The following is a checklist for good storage:
(a) Only animal health and crop protection products may be stored in the storage facility;
(b) Use the oldest products first ("first in/first out");
(c) Refrigeration shall be provided for vaccines and other heat-sensitive products (check product
labels);
(d) Do not store in the same premises:
(i) Animal or human foodstuffs (cross-contamination risk)
(ii) Explosives (explosion or fire risk)
(iii) Fertilizers (risk of cross-contamination and with ammonium or potassium nitrate fertilizers,
explosion)
(iv) Fuels or lubricants (explosion or fire risk)
(v) Pool chemicals (explosion or fire risk)
(vi) Seeds (cross-contamination risk);
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(e) Store products so the container labels can be read;
(f) Keep the store tidy and free of rubbish at all times;
(g) Clean up any spill immediately and safely;
(h) Do not store liquid products above powders, granules or dry formulations to avoid possible
leakage contaminating product below;
(i) Store large liquid containers on or near floor level.
L4,4,5 Segregation
For safety reasons it is important to segregate products, even in small stores. It will also assist rapid
and accurate stocktaking and the selection of products on a "first-in/first-out" basis:
(a) Store drenches, vaccines and the equipment used to administer them as far away as possible
from dips and crop protection products;
(b) Store herbicides as far away as possible from insecticides and fungicides. Pay particular
attention to phenoxy or hormone herbicide such as 2,4-D;
(c) Store oxidizing agents (HSNO Class 5 substances, such as sodium or potassium chlorate) in
their own areas, away from any flammable products or acids. Pay particular attention to the
integrity of the packaging. There shall be no leakage of Class 5 oxidizing agents (chloride of
lime, pool chlorine etc.);
(d) Store fumigants in their own area so they cannot come into contact with any other products;
(e) Within groups, intersperse non-flammable products among flammable products. A metal
cabinet for flammable substances is preferable;
(f) Keep powder, liquid and aerosol formulations separate.
L4.4.6 Stacking of products
Stack products as follows:
(a) Place cartons and paper bags on pallets or shelves, away from exterior walls (concrete floors
and exterior walls may sweat). Do not stack drums (20 litres and above) more than two tiers high;
(b) Do not stack liquid products above powders, granules or dry formulations to avoid possible
leakage contaminating product below;
(c) Store large liquid containers on or near floor level (20 litre - 60 litre drums).
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L4.4.7 Container care
Care for containers as follows:
(a) Keep containers clean;
(b) Keep labels legible;
(c) Keep all products in their original containers unless they are damaged - in which case they
should be decanted into a suitable properly labelled container, preferably an empty container
of the same product;
(d) Keep packages on shelving surfaces that are resistant to attack by their contents if spilt;
(e) Do not store products in unlabelled containers or containers unsuitable for the purpose;
(f) Never put an animal health or crop protection product into a container that would normally
contain food or drink, even during use or measurement.
L4,4.8 Equipment
Provide the following equipment:
(a) A suitable table or bench for the measuring and mixing of products;
(b) A scoop, scales, calibrated jugs and buckets appropriate for measuring out the products in the
store;
(c) These must be kept specifically for use in the store, do not use household items for this purpose.
Drenches should not be measured out using the equipment used for crop protection products.
Use separate, clearly labelled equipment;
(d) A broom, spade and a supply of dry fine sand or chemical absorbent material (do NOT use
sawdust) to contain and absorb spills (see Appendix K6.3 and K6.4);
(e) A large empty open-topped drum for temporary storage of contaminated material and leaking
containers.
L4.4.9 Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Provide the following equipment:
(a) Personal protective clothing appropriate for the products in the store. At a minimum, include
gloves (PVC nitrile or similar), overalls, and eye protection (goggles or face shields);
(b) First aid equipment (including an eye bath), as detailed in the Appendix E;
(c) A separate, clean area or cabinet to store this clothing and first aid equipment;
(d) A clean water supply for washing hands, rinsing and clean up;
(e) Keep protective equipment - such as overalls, gloves, face shields and respirators - clean and
well maintained. Replace when necessary. Establish a replacement schedule for respirator
filters and other PPE. Store in an airtight container when not in use.
Always read the product label before handling a product to find out what specific protective
equipment is needed.
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L4.4.10 Empty containers
It is illegal to re-use empty, deadly or dangerous poison containers for any purpose other than to
hold the same product. It is bad practice to re-use any container for any purpose other than to hold
the same product.
See section 6 and Appendix S for disposal requirements.
L4.4.11 Signs and placards
Use safety signs and posters within the store to warn and remind staff and others of hazards and
safe use guidelines. This includes prominently displayed emergency response information (e.g.
local doctor or hospital address and phone numbers). Ensure that everyone who uses the store
understands the meaning of the signs and messages.
Placarding requirements for outside the facility are as follows:
(a) All Agrichemical storage areas shall be placarded HAZCHEM 2WE Agrichemicals;
(b) All placards shall be secured to the Agrichemical storage building in such a way as to be clearly
visible from all normal lines of approach;
NOTE - Check product labels for any additional requirements.
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APPENDIX M
Notification and Signage for Application of Agrichemicals
(Normative)
M1 Introduction
This Appendix applies to both ground and aerial application. Users shall check with the appropriate
local authority for any specific notification requirements for agrichemical use.
M2 Notification
NOTE - Notification does not prevent spray drift and does not lessen a user's responsibilities regarding the
identification and recording of sensitive areas adjacent to the site of any agrichemical application.
M2.1 Application of agrichemicals including fumigants
Notification of the intention to spray is intended to inform people who could be affected, and provide
the opportunity for them to take action to avoid or minimize potential exposure of themselves, their
children, or their property to specific applications of agrichemicals.
Notification to satisfy the requirements of this Standard for different use situations is set out below.
In each case however, check and comply with appropriate local authority requirements.
M2.2 Application on private property
Any person who is likely to be directly affected by the application of agrichemicals has a right to
information about the operation. The owner or occupier of the property on which the spraying is to
take place shall inform, at intervals of no more than once a year, any person who is likely to be
directly affected by the application, that a spray plan (see M4) has been prepared and is available
on request. More or less frequent information may be provided where mutually acceptable
arrangements have been agreed to, and recorded on the spray plan. Notification shall also be in
accordance with any regulatory requirements of the local authority.
M2.3 Contract application
Contract use of agrichemicals implies that the application Is not on the applicator's own property.
This makes the proper identification of affected parties difficult. In these cases contractors shall
ensure that appropriate notification has been given by the client to the affected parties. The
notification requirements shall be documented using a written spray plan or protocol. This shall
comply with local authority requirements and shall be made available on request to those who may
be affected (see M4).
M2.4 Application in public places and amenity areas
Notification shall be by way of notices in local newspapers, or other recognized methods such as
"information drops". Notification shall be given not less than one week prior to application and shall
be in accordance with local authority requirements. Information shall include:
(a) The district, street or location to be treated;
(b) The period of use;
(c) The reason for use (e.g. vegetation control).
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In addition the notice shall indicate where or how further information can be obtained.
(d) Door-to-door notification may also be appropriate;
(e) Vehicles or equipment used for applying agrichemicals shall have an appropriate sign, e.g.
"Agrichemical Application in Progress, (Herbicide/Insecticide/Fungicide)". The name of the
local authority or contractor shall be displayed;
(f) Appropriate temporary hazard warning signs shall be used where spray vehicles are likely to
be a hazard to motorists. Such signs must comply with requirements of the Traffic Regulations
- check with the Land Transport Safety Authority;
(g) Other temporary signs shall be appropriately placed so that any people approaching the target
area see them.
M3 Signage
Signs can be used at the application site to advise that agrichemical application is being, or has been
carried out. To satisfy the requirements of this Standard the sign shall clearly indicate the type of
agrichemical used e.g. herbicide, insecticide.
M3.1 Specific requirements
Put signs on all normal lines of approach to an area treated with agrichemicals in the following
situations:
(a) Public places, for any agrichemical use;
(b) Other areas that may be accessible to the public.
Signs shall be there during agrichemical use, and shall remain in place for a period equivalent to
the contact re-entry time for the agrichemical used (refer to product information or supplier).
Users shall check with the appropriate local authority for any specific information to be included on
signs.
M4 Spray Plans/Protocols
The development of a spray plan or protocol will assist in addressing the potential off-target
application of agrichemicals and identify the measures adopted to avoid or mitigate adverse effects
associated with them.
NOTE - Local authorities may also have specific requirements for spray plans or protocols.
To satisfy the requirements of this Standard the plan must be available on request and include;
(a) A plan or map detailing the location of any sensitive areas including but not limited to houses,
schools, and roads, especially those used by school children and crops sensitive to the chemical
being used, (see also Appendix G4);
(b) The crops to be sprayed, the types of chemical (insecticide, herbicide, fungicide etc.) that are
likely to be used during the year and the times of the year that spraying is likely to occur;
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(c) Strategies employed to avoid contamination of sensitive areas (for example specific application
techniques such as large droplet sizes, hand application, not spraying outside rows, turning
machinery off when turning, having no-spray buffer zone areas, only spraying when the wind is
in the specified direction, having personnel monitoring boundaries during the application, lists
of people (and their contact phone number) who want to get a phone call just prior to any
spraying, any other mutually agreed strategies to manage any risk);
NOTE - It is desirable to consult with potentially affected neighbours to establish mutually acceptable
measures to avoid or manage effects of drift.
(d) The identity of the person likely to be carrying out agrichemical application and confirmation of
their current qualifications;
NOTE - For example - GROWSAFE® certification.
(e) Particular weather conditions which may increase potential drift hazard;
(f) Indication of agrichemicals to be used that may present a specific hazard (e.g. bee toxicity).
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APPENDIX N
Adverse Events
(Informative)
N1 Scope
An adverse event arising from or associated with using agrichemicals can occur when:
(a) The wrong agrichemical is used;
(b) The agrichemical was in the wrong place;
(c) The agrichemical was used at the wrong time;
(d) The agrichemical was used at the wrong rate;
(e) The user is inappropriately equipped with personal protective equipment (PPE) or inadequately
trained in the use of agrichemicals.
Examples of adverse events range from plant death (wrong agrichemical used), a spillage
(agrichemical in the wrong place), equipment not calibrated/label misread (agrichemical at the
wrong rate), to the agrichemical being used too late, causing residue problems (used at the wrong
time).
This Appendix covers what to do when an adverse event occurs, with particular emphasis on spray
drift, as that is one of the most common adverse events.
N2 Adverse Event Reporting
N2.1 ACVM requirements
Registrants must advise the ACVM Group of any new studies on their product and of any data that
contradict previous information supplied to the ACVM Group or that indicate unintended harmful
effects from using their product (adverse events). Registrants must submit a summary of any
adverse events reported every twelve months at the time the registration is renewed. If no adverse
events were reported, the summary should state "nil".
Records should include full details of:
(a) The notifier's name, address and phone number;
(b) Details of the adverse event;
(c) Investigations carried out by the registrant;
(d) Conclusions on the cause of the adverse event;
(e) Any actions taken.
If the use of a plant compound or veterinary medicine results in adverse effects that have serious
implications for the continued use of the product, the registrant must notify the ACVM Group
immediately. Forms are available for this. See www.n2sfa.g0vt.nz.
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N2.1.1 Veterinary medicines
Adverse reactions relating directly to animal welfare concerns are identified as one of the risk areas
addressed under the ACVM Act, These include reactions to the active component of the remedy
to be reported and any physiological reactions arising from any administration device that might
have been used.
The definition of an adverse event includes:
(a) Any situation when an active ingredient or final formulation exhibits unintended reactivity;
(b) Any situation when a negative outcome is considered to be more likely due to causes other than
being directly attributable to an active ingredient or formulation, for example the shape or
structure of a product or applicator;
(c) Any case where a product appears not to be efficacious;
(d) Any instance when residues in excess of the defined level are notified;
(e) Adverse event report forms are available from veterinarians and licensees of veterinary
medicines.
N2,2 Example of Agricultural Chemical Damage Report
Date:
Complainant's name:
Company name:
Address
Property address
(if different)
Phone: Fax:
Mobile: Email:
(If crop damage is in a number of areas, varieties or separate addresses, make out separate forms)
Crop Variety
Area No. of plants
Date of sowing Date of planting out
Field/Plot No Orientation
Direction of source of drift Suspect chemical
Date of suspected drift Time
Suspected source of chemical
Owner/occupier of property Applicator
Address Address
Phone .- Phone
Fax Fax
Mobile Mobile
Has the above owner and applicator
been contacted, when and by whom?
Comment on the level of reaction
and co-operation
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Evidence collection
Have plant/nutrient/water samples been taken and stored? Yes / No
Have they been sent for analysis: Yes / No
Laboratory
Type and description of application machinery:
(i.e. boom, gun, backpack, ute, tractor,
helicopter, etc.)
Weather conditions
Wind direction Wind speed
Temperature Humidity
Clear/ cloudy / showery
Has a report been written by grower and / or witnesses? Yes / No
Attached? Yes /No
Date Time
Are there photographs? Yes / No Attached? Yes /No
When taken Time / Date
Are computer ambient environmental records available
and have these been printed out? Yes / No
Attached? Yes /No
Description of general condition of plants and area of damage
Husbandry etc.
Area and description of damage to plants
Reporting
Who has the incident been reported to?
The local authority Yes / No Name of contact
Phone number
N3 Spray Damage Complaints
N3.1 The law
The Resource Management Act (RMA) gives the responsibility to local authorities for the control
of the discharge of contaminants into the air (section 30(1 )). Most regional councils have prepared,
or are in the process of writing regional plans which outline how air quality is to be managed in their
region and specify requirements for the users of agrichemicals. Other plans in preparation in most
regions likewise address water or soil quality, and may also have rules for agrichemical users. The
rules in regional plans have the force of law under the RM Act (section 68(2)). Section 338( 1 ) sets
out the penalties for offences against the Act.
HSNO Regulation 2001/117 provides for the setting of tolerable exposure limits (TELs) for toxic
substances (Class 6) and environmental exposure limits (EELs) for ecotoxic substances (Class 9).
Once a TEL has been set, then by law, no person or place where a person may be, shall be exposed
to a level of the substance that exceeds the TEL Further, a person must not use a toxic substance
(Class 6) in a manner that would result in the TEL set for that substance being exceeded. Similarly
a person must not use a Class 9 (ecotoxic) substance in a manner that allows the EEL set for that
substance to be exceeded in the environmental medium concerned (water soil or sediment).
Exceeding aTELor an EEL is illegal, regardless of whether any adverse effect actually arises. TELs
and EELs apply to any area that is not defined as the target.
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N3.2 Who to contact
When a spray drift incident or agrichemical spillage is suspected by either an agrichemical user or
a complainant, the first contact is the local authority for that area. Most local authorities have a 24-
hour pollution hotline. They will either investigate the complaint or forward it to the agency that will
deal with it. In some circumstances more than one agency may be responsible for investigating an
incident. If there are health concerns, contact the public health services listed under the "hospitals"
section of the local telephone directory.
The various bodies include:
• Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) regulatory authority
• Ministry of Health (MOH)
• Occupational Safety and Health (OSH), Department of Labour
• Civil Aviation Authority.
N3.3 Immediate actions
Report any spray drift damage to the local authorities. Spray drift damage, whether it is plant
damage or health related can be very serious. The chances of such incidents being resolved
satisfactorily will be greatly increased if some basic requirements are met.
N3.3.1 Complainant
Immediate actions to be taken are:
(a) Minimize the harm, e.g. closing windows, staying indoors;
(b) Record and verify events accurately, e.g. photographs of the damage and of the suspected
source, time of day, weather conditions (particularly wind direction and wind speed at the site),
nature and location of suspected damage (including maps showing the affected areas and the
suspected source), the agrichemical involved (if known), and odour detected and witnesses of
the event;
(c) Samples of suspected plant damage should be taken as soon as possible, noting when and
where the samples were taken. Get advice on where and how to take samples and how to store
them; some should be frozen, others kept cool. (Refer to MAF as the regulatory authority);
(d) Other samples may be required, e.g. water collected from a roof;
(e) Wash all fruit and vegetables before eating. If the agrichemical suspected of causing alleged
damage or concern is known, check the data for that product (e.g. withholding periods, toxicity).
N3.3.2 Applicator, contractor or employer
Immediate actions to be taken are:
(a) Respond to any complaints where your spraying activities may have been involved, and actively
participate in dealing with the event (including advising the complainant of the recommended
actions outlined above);
(b) Ensure that the records of your spraying activities are complete, accurate and up to date (see
Appendix C9);
(c) Where possible, verify the actions and procedures taken at the time of the spraying that may
have caused the suspected damage;
(d) Do not admit liability; seek specialist advice if necessary and consult your insurance company.
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N4 Conclusion
Following the requirements of this Standard should effectively prevent adverse events occurring.
However, accidents and mistakes do occur, and an agrichemical user should know what to do in
that event.
The following actions are to be taken:
(a) Establish good communication with all neighbours or others who could be affected before any
agrichemical application;
(b) Ensure any contractors or employees you engage to apply agrichemicals are appropriately
qualified to do so;
(c) Follow label instructions and the requirements of this Standard;
(d) Follow local authority plan rules/conditions;
(e) Report any incidents involving environmental or health damage to the appropriate authorities
(e.g. territorial, or regional, or unitary authority, MAF, local health authority).
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APPENDIX P
Personal Protective Equipment
(Normative)
This Appendix addresses a specific regulatory requirement in Regulation 8 of the Hazardous
Substances (classes 6, 8 and 9 controls) Regulations.
P1 Minimum PPE Requirements for Agrichemicals
P1.1 Introduction
Employers shall ensure that all employees are provided with and use clothing and other personal
equipment which provides protection against hazards (Health and Safety in Employment Act
(HSE)), including hazardous agrichemicals. Further, the HSE Regulations require that detailed
instructions for use, cleaning and maintenance be supplied to purchasers/hirers of clothing/
equipment.
Selecting the most appropriate PPE for any task requires careful consideration of a number of
factors including:
(a) Physical form - solid or particle, liquid, mist or spray;
(b) Relative hazard of each agrichemical being used simultaneously, including interactions;
(c) Concentration(s) of the agrichemical;
(d) Simultaneous workplace hazards (e.g. mechanical, thermal);
(e) Ambient workplace conditions (temperature, humidity, mode of chemical application, etc.);
(f) Duration for which protection required;
(g) Ease and effectiveness of decontamination.
PI. 2 Operator hazard
Three important points that need to be taken into account by operators:
(a) Inhalation and dermal contact are the main routes of chemical entry to the body;
(b) Different parts of the body absorb chemicals at different rates - scrotal region > forehead/scalp
> hand > arms, legs, trunk;
(c) The method of chemical application has a major influence on the level of protection required -
e.g. greater chemical re-deposition may occur at the front of thighs and lower trunk than the
upper trunk when walking through a 1 metre high crop that has been sprayed.
PI ,2.1 Low operator hazard (e.g. boom spraying fungicides, knapsack spraying herbicides)
A relatively low operator hazard exists if:
(a) No organophosphate or carbamate insecticides are used;
(b) Little or no contact is made with a liquid or mist spray;
(c) No spray enters the operator's breathing zone.
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P1 ,2,2 Medium operator hazard (e.g. airblast orchard spraying)
A medium operator hazard exists if:
(a) Organophosphate and/or carbamates are used;
(b) Spray may contact the user;
(c) Spray may enter operator's breathing zone.
P1 ,2,3 High operator hazard
A high operator hazard exists if:
(a) Fumigant pesticides are used in enclosed spaces;
(b) Large areas are treated, and/or extended exposure is likely.
P1,3 Penetration, permeation and decontamination
The four important issues to affect the suitability and safe use of PPE are:
(a) The rate at which chemicals pass through the garment - openings/closures etc. (penetration);
(b) The rate at which chemicals pass through the material (permeation);
(c) The effectiveness and ease of decontamination after use;
(d) The acceptability of thermophysiological effects when wearing PPE.
P1,3,1 Penetration
Penetration rates are seldom available because they depend on garment design, methods used for
manufacturing the garment, and the way a garment assembly is worn.
P1.3.2 Permeation
Permeation rates are generally available for most protective clothing materials and this information
is usually obtainable from suppliers of the protective clothing and/or equipment. Permeation rates
through a clothing material from different or the same supplier can be compared only if the method
used for testing is comparable. The effect of mixtures of substances on the permeation rate needs
to be considered. So too, does the relevance of a permeation rate (based on continuous contact
between a chemical and a material sample) to a work situation.
P1.3.3 Decontamination
Decontamination of clothing and equipment after use can be difficult. Residues may accumulate
on the surface of garments or within the materials without visible evidence. Instructions for cleaning
shall be provided by the supplier of the clothing/equipment, but these usually do not take into
account the many variables affecting the garment:
(a) Physical form(s) of chemical(s);
(b) Concentration of the chemical(s);
(c) Solubility of chemicals in water;
(d) Type of material from which garment is made.
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In general:
(a) Surface contamination, water soluble contaminants - initially rinse well with water;
(b) An acid product - wash with a soda (alkaline) solution and vice versa;
(c) Organic solvents or petroleum-based products -wash using a common detergent.
Material types:
(a) Absorbent materials such as cotton and cotton/polyester (common in overalls) can be washed
in hot soapy water (but not with household washing);
(b) PVC coated materials (common in gloves, jackets) shall be hosed down and scrubbed (but
residues may remain in the material matrix, and consideration needs to be given to the flow of
contaminated water);
(c) Disposable-type garments require consideration as to safe disposal after use.
P1.4 Read the label
Table P1 provides guidelines on selection of PPE, in the absence of adequate comprehensive
information. Lesser protection is likely to be necessary when the chemical is in a particulate form.
When using table P1 note the following:
(a) Always wear the recommended minimum PPE while using agrichemicals;
(b) Where more than one agrichemical is being mixed or applied, always wear the PPE applicable
to the one which is most hazardous;
(c) Gloves and boots shall normally be worn inside the sleeves and legs respectively of PPE.
However, gloves should be worn outside the sleeves when working above shoulder height;
(d) Clothing worn under permeable protective garments/equipment shall be removed and cleaned
when spraying is completed.
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Table P1 - Recommended minimum PPE requirements for agrichemical use
PPE level required
1
2
3
4
5
iljiiillillii
llllll
IIIIJI
lliilll
illlpplp
Hiii
iiFpi
ilB
IliM
m^^i
■iiBf
PRE item
Y1
N
Y1
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Impermeable
apron (PVC
or similar)
Impermeable
chemical
resistant suit
with hood
(PVC or
similar)
Y1
Y
Y1
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
Washable
cotton or
disposable
overalls
01
01
01
01
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Gauntlet
gloves (PVC,
nitrile or
similar)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Chemical
resistant boots
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Other
protective
footwear
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Y
Y
Y
Y
Impermeable
Headwear
Y
Y
Y
Y
02
02
02
02
02
02
Face/eye
protection
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
02
02
02
02
02
Respiratory
protection
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
02
02
02
02
Key
1 Deadly Poison
2 Dangerous Poison
3 Poison
4 Caution
5 Non-Scheduled
APPL application of diluted concentrate
Y required
Y1 either option
NS not suitable/insufficient protection
IVIIX mixing/handling of concentrate
01 may be worn under full protective equipment, but insufficient when worn alone
optional
02 shall be worn where potential for spray/dust to drift into user's breathing zone
N not required
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P2 Respiratory Protection and Filter Replacement
P2.1 Introduction
Employers shall ensure that all employees are trained in the safe use of protective equipment
(HSE). Elimination or isolation of hazards are the required methods, but minimizing the likelihood
that the hazard can cause harm by adopting protective measures is an alternative. A respirato r shall
be worn for operator protection where the product label or other information indicates it is required.
The correct use and care of Respiratory Protective Devices (RPD) is important for all users. This
appendix summarizes the important factors relating to selection and use of RPDs, and filter
replacement. For more detailed information refer to AS/NZS 1 71 5.
P2.2 Classification of respiratory hazards
Respirators are designed to protect against one or more of the following types of air contaminants:
(a) Particles of dust or mist;
(b) Gases or vapours;
(c) Lack of oxygen.
P2.3 Selection of respirators
There are three main factors to consider when selecting the correct respirator for the job.
P2.3.1 Contaminant related factors
Factors to be considered are:
(a) The nature, toxicity, physical form and concentration of the contaminant;
(b) The consequences of failure of the respirator on life or health;
(c) The adequacy of warning of the contaminant, e.g. odour.
P2.3.2 Task related factors
Factors to be considered are:
(a) Whether the respirator is for regular use or occasional use (e.g. emergencies);
(b) The activity and mobility of the wearer, and the effect on breathing rate;
(c) The need for clear vision and communication;
(d) The type of application equipment being used;
(e) The conditions at the time of agrichemical use.
P2.3.3 Operator related factors
Factors to be considered are:
(a) The comfort level when wearing the respirator for long periods;
(b) The importance of good facial fit;
(c) Facial hair.
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Proper fitting of a respirator is very important to ensure that it can function properly. If in doubt about
which respirator to use, get expert advice from equipment suppliers, Occupational Safety and
Health, Department of Labour, (OSH), or other occupational hygiene authorities.
P2.4 Respirator types
The three main categories of respirators are:
P2.4,1 Air purifying respirators
These draw air through a purifying filter that can be of three types:
(a) Particulate filter for dusts, mists and fumes. Class P1 low efficiency, Class P2 medium
efficiency, and Class P3 high efficiency. For maximum protection, the Class P3 filter in a full face
piece shall be used;
(b) Gas filters for gases and vapours. The size of the filter, or its adsorption capacity, determines
the length of time that it can be used. Class 1 low capacity, Class 2 medium and Class 3 high;
(c) Combination filters which are a combination of a particulate filter and a gas filter.
P2,4.2 Supplied air respirators
These are fed from a clean air supply outside the contaminated area.
P2.4.3 Self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
SCBA use a clean air supply carried by the wearer, and comprise either a:
(a) Full face piece. Covers the whole face and has either single or double filters fitted; or
(b) A helmet or hood covers the head and is usually supplied with air from an external source such
as a blower/fan unit drawing air through a filter system.
P2,4.4 Powered respirators
In each of the above cases there are systems available where a battery operated motor unit can
be fitted to draw air through afilter. These systems are known as Powered Air Purifying Respirators
(PAPR).
P2.5 Filter selection
The appropriate protection for each agrlchemical can be assessed according to its physical state
or formulation. The types of work and application equipment being used are also important factors.
The type of protection required could be influenced by combined hazards and these are generally
stated on the label. The following guidelines may be helpful:
(a) Most sprayed agrichemicals consist of wettable powders, dusts and other formulations which
form mists. A particulate filter suitable for toxic dusts and mists is the most appropriate filter for
these products;
(b) For those products which present the greatest risk by the release of harmful vapour, or deadly
or dangerous poisons, a combination filter consisting of a particulate filter fitted over a gas filter
may be the best option. This option may also be appropriate with other types of chemicals;
(c) Particulate filters act as a barrier to the droplets and solid particles in the spray, permitting clean
air to pass. Gradually the filter becomes clogged and breathing resistance increases to a point
where it causes the wearer discomfort. When that happens the filter shall be replaced;
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NZS 8409:2004
(d) For those sprays and chemicals which contain organic solvents as a carrier liquid, or contain
other products with a high vapour pressure (i.e. strong smelling or volatile), gas filters are
required. Gas filters contain a bed of charcoal or other agent that adsorbs or reacts with the
chemical, retaining the gas or vapour and allowing clean air to pass. Gas filters shall be
replaced as the sorbent material becomes saturated. The following points should be considered
with gas filters:
(i) Manufacturers and suppliers of respirators can provide information and advice about
suitable filters. Different gas filters may be required for different groups of chemicals. Only
use filters that are appropriate for use against the specific product
(ii) Some chemicals have poor warning properties, i.e. they have very little odour. Protection
from these products may involve the use of supplied air devices
(iii) Do not use air purifying respirators in enclosed places such as silos or pits, where there
could be a deficiency of air
(iv) Since air purifying respirators only provide protection for the inhalation of contaminants,
additional protective equipment may be necessary to protect the eyes from irritation and
the skin from absorption of the chemical.
P2.6 Service life of gas/vapour filters
P2.6.1 Factors influencing service life
The service life of a gas filter, i.e. how long it is going to continue to provide protection, depends on
a number of factors such as:
(a) Physical properties of the agrichemical;
(b) The type of solvent or carrier in which the chemical Is delivered;
(c) The airborne concentrations of the agrichemical;
(d) Conditions of use, i.e. type of spray system;
(e) Capacity and efficiency of the filter;
(f) Worker breathing rates (i.e. light or heavy work);
(g) Humidity, temperature, and how well the respirator fits.
The most important of these are the physical properties and concentration of contaminant, the air
flow rate, and humidity. The working conditions and the type of equipment used may also be
significant. Issues such as, winter versus summer application, sitting on a tractor or walking, hand
spraying as against air blast equipment, need to be assessed. In general, a heavy concentration
of contaminant and heavy breathing rates shorten the life of a filter.
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P2.6-2 Developing a service life policy
The complicated relationship between the above factors makes it very difficult to develop specific
rules for filter replacement. However a policy for filter replacement shall be established, based on
each application, with an allowance for safety. The important factors to consider in establishing this
policy include:
(a) Particulate filters. The breathing resistance of the filter increases with use as the filter becomes
choked, which can indicate when replacement is required. Frequent replacement may give
longer gas filter life when they are used in combination;
(b) Gas filters. Detecting when the contamination breaks through the filter (the breakthrough time)
is critical in estimating filter service life. At this point the wearer may detect odour or taste. While
this is a useful guide it should not be relied on as the sole Indication of filter life;
NOTE - Caution, some agrichemicals have no odour or taste to allow their detection.
(c) Filters are to be dated when the packaging is opened;
(d) All gas filters shall be discarded no longer than six months after opening, regardless of duration
or frequency of use;
(e) Replacement schedule. A schedule shall be established for filter replacement at an easy to
recall interval such as the beginning of each week, or before each specific task. The detection
of breakthrough by taste or smell at any time means the filter shall be replaced immediately;
(f) Storage and maintenance. To prevent the filter accumulating contaminants while not in use
store all gas filters in a sealed (airtight) container, away from stored chemicals. For maximum
efficiency and safety, it is essential that respirators are properly maintained and cleaned in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions;
(g) Individual respirators shall be supplied, or if a common respirator is used, it must be sanitized
according to manufacturer's instructions between users.
NOTE - Obtain expert advice if there is any doubt or concern about the correct use of respirators.
P2,7 Respirator fitting, half and full face pieces
Users should note that proper fitting of respirators is essential, and the positive and negative
pressure fit checks shall be carried out for new respirators, and periodically during their life.
P2.7,1 Negative pressure fit ctieck
Place palms over filter opening(s) on the respirator, and inhale for 10 seconds. The face piece
should pull in toward the face.
P2,7,2 Positive pressure fit check
Place palms over exhalation valve opening(s) and exhale into the face piece. Pressure should be
felt in the face piece.
P2.7.3 Actions if fit check fails
If the respirator fails a negative or positive pressure check, it shall be repaired or replaced prior to
using.
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APPENDIX Q
Application Equipment
(Normative)
This Appendix addresses a specific regulation requirement in regulation 7 of the Hazardous
Substances (Classes 6, 8 and 9 controls) Regulations.
Q1 Application Equipment for Plant Protection Products
Q1.1 Application equipment
Product labels for agrichemicals normally have advice on the dose and volume rates to use,
whereas information on the nature of the spray equipment to use is often missing or unclear.
Spraying devices used to apply agrichemicals employ a range of nozzle types to break the spray
mixture into droplets. The size of the droplets produced significantly affects target deposition,
coverage, and off-target losses, and a simple, easily understood system that allows the user to
select the appropriate droplet size range is needed. The British Crop Protection Council (BCPC)
has developed such a system, now known as the "International BCPC Spray Classification
System". The technical basis uses analysis of droplet size spectra (measured using laser
analysers) compared to a set of reference nozzles. This information can be used on product labels,
for example "apply as a medium spray".
The classification of sprays and nozzles serves two main functions:
(a) To define the spray quality most appropriate to the product, pest and target, that can be
communicated on the product label;
(b) To avoid the use of sprays likely to be environmentally unacceptable.
NOTE - The New Zealand Agrichemical Manual and the Novachem Manual also contain useful information
on nozzles and application equipment.
Q1 ,2 Spray categories
The BCPC classification uses five simple terms to describe spray categories.
They are:
(a) Very Fine;
(b) Fine;
(c) Medium;
(d) Coarse;
(e) Very Coarse.
The scheme allows direct comparison between different types and sizes of nozzle used at different
pressures. Any category may therefore contain a mixture of flat fan, hollow cone and other types
of nozzle which, when operated at different pressures, produce similar spray spectra. Many nozzle
manufacturers colour code their nozzles based on these spray categories so that all nozzle tips
producing a coarse spray for example would be the same colour.
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Medium is the reference category. It is based on the spray produced by nozzles used in current
general arable spraying, which usually means volume rates of 200-350 litres/ha at pressures of
2 to 3 bar (200 - 300 kPa).
The system uses reference nozzles to define the threshold between the categories, using the BCPC
nozzle code. This allows particular nozzles to be specified without using manufacturer's individual
codes or terminology.
The BCPC nozzle Code is shown in table Q1 . Using the BCPC code, a typical nozzle code might
be described as F1 1 0/1 .6/3, which means a flat fan (F) 1 1 nozzle with a flow rate of 1 .6 litre/minute
at 3,0 bar (300 kPa) pressure.
Table Q2 shows the reference nozzles.
Table Q1 - BCPC nozzle code
Type
Spray angle
Nozzle output
Rate pressure
Flat fan (F)
Degrees (^)
Note(1)
Note(1)
Litres/minute
Hollow cone (HC)
Specify if known
Deflector (D)
Specify if known
Note (2)
NOTE-
(1) F = triangular deposit flat fan, rated at 3 bar pressure.
FE = rectangular deposit flat fan ("evenspray") rated at 3 bar pressure.
FLP = low pressure flat fan rated at 1 bar pressure.
(2) Deflector (anvil) nozzle normally rated at 1 bar pressure.
Table Q2 - Reference nozzles
Spray category^
Threshold nozzles^
Characteristic nozzles^
Very fine/fine
F1 10/0.48/4.5
Fine
F1 10/0.85/3.5
Fine/medium
F1 10/1.18/3.0
Medium
F1 10/1.44/2.5
Medium/coarse
F1 10/1 .93/2.0
Coarse
F1 10/2.58/2.0
Coarse/very coarse
F80/2.88/2.5
NOTE-
(1 ) Some nozzle types do not fit into a comparison with hydraulic reference nozzles, e.g. rotary, twin-fluid
and air-inclusion nozzles. Rotary nozzles normally produce a narrow droplet size spectrum, and the
volume median diameter could be used for comparison. No satisfactory method for comparison of
twin-fluid or air-inclusion nozzles currently exists.
(2) The threshold nozzles define the boundary between the three major categories of fine, medium and
coarse spray category, whereas the characteristic nozzle represents the mid-point of the range of
drop size spectra for that category.
(3) Although the BCPC nozzle code is based on flat fan nozzles the spray spectrum from other nozzle
types can still be described using the fine/medium/coarse format.
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Q2 Calibration of Application Equipment for Registered Agrichemicals
Q2.1 Introduction
Accurate calibration of equipment is necessary to achieve the application of active ingredient at the
recommended or desired rate. The principles of calibration are the same irrespective of the type
of product and equipment used. Examples of calibration exercises, from a simple sprayer
(knapsack) through to a more complex sprayer (orchard air-blast), follow the explanation of general
principles. For complex sprayers (e.g. orchard air-blast), the use of properly qualified consultants
to calibrate and check the sprayer is strongly recommended.
NOTE - Properly qualified consultants include persons who hold GROWSAFE® accreditation or have
demonstrated competency in equipment calibration.
Q2.2 General principles
Q2.2.1 Calibration formula
The calibration formula describes the relationship between the three key factors:
(a) Width (m);
(b) Forward speed (km/h); and
(c) Volume rate (litre/min).
r-r^r^KAi ii a a An ^00 X V
FORMULA A AR =
SxW
Where:
AR = desired application rate (litre/ha), total volume
V = total flow of sprayer, or flow per nozzle if only one nozzle (litre/min)
S = forward speed (kilometres per hour)
W = width of application (metres).
Q2.2.2 Width (W) of application in metres (m)
This may be sprayed width or swath width (knapsack, boom), or track spacing (distance between
successive passes).
Q2.2.3 Forward speed (S) in kilometres per hour (km/h)
Forward speed is determined by recording the time taken to travel a known distance. Note that
speeds given by the manufacturer for each gear at stated revolutions may not reflect the true speed
because of tyre size variation and wheel slip. Speed tests should be done in conditions as similar
as possible to anticipated spraying conditions i.e. sprayer tank half full, similar ground contour and
surface.
Speed measurement requires a tape measure, two markers and a stop watch.
To calculate speed;
(a) Measure a convenient distance (10, 20, 50, 100 m);
(b) Select appropriate speed (walking speed or gear and throttle setting);
(c) Record the time it takes to travel the measured distance.
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Use FORMULA B, to determine forward speed, S:
Distance (m) x 3.6
FORMULA B S (km/h) = '—
Time (s)
Where:
Distance = distance travelled (metres)
Time = time required to travel above distance (seconds)
Speed monitors can be fitted to vehicle mounted equipment to indicate forward speed.
NOTE - The accuracy of speed monitors should be checked periodically.
Q2.2.4 Volume rate (V) in litre/min (Umin)
Once forward speed and width are set, the final adjustment to application rate is usually made by
altering volume rate (sprayer discharge or output). Usually the calibration procedure starts with a
desired application rate (L/ha), consistent with product label recommendations, the nature of the
target, the need to obtain good coverage and equipment capability. The volume rate required to
achieve the desired application rate is:
FORMULA C V(L7min) = AR (Litre/ha) x W (m) x S (km/h)
600
Where:
V = (volume rate) = output of application equipment, in litres/minute.
The volume or output rate can be measured by:
(a) Collection method. Collect output in a calibrated measuring vessel for a given time (30-120
seconds);
(b) Top-up method. Fill sprayer tank to a marked level, spray for a given time, accurately measure
the amount of diluent required to refill sprayer to original level;
(c) Flow monitor. Some flow monitors display nozzle flow rate (accuracy should be checked
regularly).
For large changes in volume rate, e.g. 1 50 to 300 litres/ha, nozzles may have to be changed. For
smaller changes, pressure may be altered. Increasing pressure increases volume rate.
The relationship between the various units in which pressure is measured is shown in table 03.
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Table Q3 - Measurement of pressure
Pounds per square inch
(psi)
kilo Pascal
(kPa)
Bar
(bar)
14.5
100
1
29.0
200
2
43.5
300
3
58.0
400
4
72.5
500
5
145.0
1000
10
217.5
1500
15
290.0
2000
20
362.0
2500
25
435.0
3000
30
For future reference always keep a record of the gear, throttle and pressure settings, and the
appropriate rate (litres/ha) achieved.
Q2.2.5 Calibration checks
Calibration should be checked:
(a) After every 100 hours spraying; more often where abrasive chemicals (wettable powders) are
used; less often where emulsifiable concentrates are used;
(b) After replacement of nozzles, vehicle, tyres, or pressure gauge.
Check the calibration by measuring volume rate. Always keep a running total of volume of product,
litres of diluent used and area covered. This indicates any changes in fonA/ard speed.
Q2.3 Calibration of specific application equipment
Q2.3.1 Pedestrian equipment
Q2,3,1 .1 Knapsack sprayer
For knapsacks and handguns when agrichemical rates are based on volume of water only, use the
recommended application rate based on water volume e.g. "10 ml of agrichemical per 10 litres of
water".
NOTE - With residual herbicides, it is important to apply the required dose rate per hectare evenly over the
soil surface, so these should be applied through accurately calibrated fixed boom equipment. Where a single
nozzle is used for spot treatments, use a fan-jet nozzle, preferably an "even spray" fan-jet nozzle, which gives
a uniform spray distribution across the entire swath width.
Calculate as follows:
(a) Width (W) - Determine volume application rate, AR, (litre/ha) and product rate (litre or kg/ha)
from the product label. Hold the spray wand at a constant height above the ground, crop, animal
or weed and measure the band width (in metres) of the fan jet nozzle being used. For example,
this might be 0.8 m when the nozzle is 50 cm above the ground. For a fixed boom, measure the
distance between nozzles, e.g. 0.5 m (50 cm) and multiply by the number of nozzles
e.g. 3 X 0.5 = 1.5 m.
(b) Speed (S) - Determine spraying (walking) speed; this should range from 1.5-4 km/h.
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Determine actual walking speed by measuring and marking a convenient distance (e.g. 10 m).
Record the time taken to walk this distance while spraying. Use a stop watch or a watch with a
second hand. This is easier with 2 people (e.g. 13 seconds).
Calculate the speed using FORMULA B:
10 metres distance x 3.6
For example: S (km/h) = = 2.77 km/h.
Time taken (13 seconds)
(c) Volume rate (V) - Generally, nozzle flows range from 0.5 - 3 litres/min at 1 - 3 bar pressure
(check spray quality, Q1 ). Use the "collection" or "top-up" method to measure the output of the
nozzle as described previously. Fitting a pressure regulator and a pressure gauge to the spray
wand to monitor system pressure helps maintain consistent flow.
Operate the knapsack for 1 minute and record litres of output.
Output = litres used in 1 minute = litres/min
1 .5 L collected in graduated jug
1.5 litres/min.
Where more than one nozzle is fitted, and all nozzles are the same, measure the output from one
nozzle and multiply by the number of nozzles to give the sprayer output. Note that individual nozzle
outputs should be checked regularly by collecting the spray from each nozzle in a given time and
comparing the amount. A nozzle that varies by more than + 5 % from the average of all nozzles
should be replaced.
Use FORMULA A to determine application rate, AR:
IT 1 Ao/i/u\ 600x1.5L/min >,n^ i /u
For example: AR (L/ha) = ^ = 406 L/ha
2.77 km/h x 0.8 m
Some recommendations are given as mL/1 m^. The volume in millilitres per 1 square metres (e.g.
an area 2 m x 5 m) is equivalent to volume application rate [litres per hectare].
i.e. 400 L/ha = 400 ml/10 m2.
Increasing swath width, reducing system pressure and walking faster all reduce the application rate
if required. Repeat the calibration if changes are made.
(d) Calculate chemical required per tank load:
Application rate = 400 L/ha
Chemical rate = • 2 L/ha
Tank size = 15 L
, . . . u ■ . . ^^ Chemical rate / ha X total volume in tank
For example: Amount of chemical to add =
Application rate
2 L/ha X 15L . .^. , ^. . . .
= 0.075 L or 75 ml of product per tank.
400 L/ha
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Q2.3.1 .2 Handgun spraying
Handgun sprayers are normally used to spray to run-off (e.g. brush weed control), but the calibration
procedure is the same. Fit the desired nozzle tip e.g. Spraying Systems D4 orifice disc or equivalent
and select a pressure (5-10 bar).
Calculate as follows:
(a) Width and speed (W & S) - Record the time it takes to spray a measured area (say 20 x 2 metre
strip). Aim to achieve good coverage using the lowest amount of water and smallest droplets
practical. Change nozzle or adjust pressure if necessary.
(b) Volume (V) - Measure volume rate or output of handgun (collection or top up method).
-ru I I- ^ Time taken (sec) x output (L/min)
The volume applied = ^ — ^^ ^
60
I- , 86 secx 3.5 LVmin ^ ,.,
For example: = = 5 litres
60
Volume applied x 10000
Application rate
Area sprayed
I- 1 5 LX 10000 Hocni/u
For example: = = 1250 L/ha
40 m2
Quick calibrations of an output of 1000 L/ha;
Measure the time taken to deliver 1 litre into a calibrated jug or cylinder (say 15 seconds);
Practise covering 1 m^ (say a 1 metre x 1 metre strip) in this time (1 5 seconds). This gives 1 litre
per 10 m^ = 1000 litres per hectare.
Q2.3.1 .3 Motorized mist blower
These consist of a small motor, centrifugal fan and flexible discharge hose, and a small tank (usually
about 10 litres). The fan produces a high velocity airstream, and some of this air is used to
pressurize the spray tank. Spray is formed by the liquid being metered into the fan discharge tube,
where the high speed air breaks it into droplets.
The calibration procedure is essentially the same as any other sprayer, with measurement of nozzle
output, travel speed, spray width and application rate required. Measuring output is difficult
because of the blowing action surrounding the nozzle, so use the top-up method to measure nozzle
flow. Calibration may be carried out in a similar fashion to the handgun sprayer. Use the top-up
method to measure nozzle flow. Agrichemical rates are usually based on volume of water,
e.g. 10 ml of agrichemical per 10 L of water. Because of the very fine spray produced, it may
be difficult to be precise about sprayed width, and the motorized mist blower is therefore not a
precise application device.
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Q2,3-2 Vehicle mounted equipment
Q2.3,2.1 Boom spray
Calculate as follows:
(a) (W) Multiply nozzle number by the distance between nozzles to find spray width e.g. 1 2 nozzles
X 0.5 metres = 6 metres.
(b) (S) Select appropriate gear and throttle setting. Check speed over a distance of 100 m.
100 metres X 3.6 360 . .
For example: S(km/h) = — —— , ... = -—- = 6 km/h
Time taken (60 sec) to travel 1 00 m 60
(c) (V) Decide on Application Rate - read the label e.g. 250 LVha.
Determine the required flow per nozzle using FORMULA C:
250 L/ha x 0.5 m x 6 km/h
For example: V (Umin) = = 1.25L7min
600
Use a spray nozzle chart to find the correct nozzle size for the nozzle spacing on the boom. Operate
the sprayer at the appropriate pressure (1-4 bar) . Note that the pressure affects spray quality (see
01 ). Check nozzle flow by measuring output from each nozzle for one minute. Replace nozzles
where flow varies by more than +5 % of the average. Adjust boom height. Use the top-up method
to measure sprayer output.
Work out correct amount of agrichemical to add to the tank e.g. for 0.5 L/ha chemical rate, and a
500 litre tank:
Chemical rate / ha x water volume in tank
For example: , — - — \
Application rate
0.5 LVha X 500 L , ,., ^ . . ,
= 1 litre product per tank
250 Uha
NOTE ~ Total volume includes the chemical; add the required chemical, and make up the volume to 500 litres.
Q2.3.2.2 Weed booms
Spraying herbicide onto a strip under trees and vines is a common practice. Calibration procedure
is the same as for a boom sprayer except that the sprayed width is less (usually about 1 m).
Calculate as follows:
(a) (W) Desired width e.g. 0.9 m;
(b) (S) Determine forward speed over a distance of 100 m (see 02.2.3);
(c) (V) After deciding on the application rate, determine the required total nozzle output using
FORMULA C:
250 L/ha x 0.9 m x 5 km/h
For example: V (LVmin) = = 1.875 L/min
600
You may choose to deliver this total flow through 1 or 2 nozzles.
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Q2.3.2.3 Controlled droplet application equipment
Controlled Droplet Application (CDA) equipment differs from conventional spray application
equipment only in that the range of droplet sizes produced by the nozzle(s) is narrower (hence
controlled droplet application, or CDA). The calibration procedure is therefore the same for CDA
(boom), CDA (orchard), or CDA (knapsack), i.e., for the 3 factors the following apply:
(a) Spray width (W);
(b) Forward speed (could be walking speed) (S);
(c) Nozzle flow rate (output) (V).
Use FORMULA C:
V (LVmin) = AR (L7ha) x W(m) x S (km/h)
^ ^ 600
Q2.3.2.4 Orchard airblast sprayer
Check the sprayer for leaks and see that the pressure regulator and gauge work.
Calculate as follows:
(a) (W) Determine row spacing (m). An orchard or vineyard may have crops planted at several row
spacings. The grower needs to decide how to accommodate this by varying vehicle speed, or
pressure (total nozzle output) settings. Some compromise is required in most cases.
(b) (S) Measure forward speed (time taken to travel 100 m, see Q2.2.3 ), apply FORMULA B.
,- I c /I /UN Distance (100 m) X 3.6 360 ., ,.
For example: S (km/h) = ^^ = = 4 km/h
Time taken (s) 90
(c) (V) Decide on volume application rate (L/ha) consistent with product label, or spray programme
recommendations, crop maturity and shape and equipment capability (air volume, droplet size).
The tree-row-volume technique may help in making this decision.
Determine the desired sprayer volume rate (output) using FORMULA C.
, x/., , ■^ 1000 L/ha X 4.5 m x4km/h ^^ . . .
For example: V (L/min) = = 30 LVmin
600
Decide on the proportion of spray to be delivered to each part of tree or vine. Select nozzle tips
(orifice discs) and cores to achieve this, using the nozzle flow chart. Consult an equipment
calibration specialist to assist if necessary.
Operate the sprayer at the selected pressure (approximately 10-20 bar) and measure the nozzle
flow rate (collect nozzle flow for one minute).
Measure total discharge from sprayer using the top-up method. Spray with both sides open for a
period of one minute. Adjust pressure to achieve desired sprayer output.
Use the actual application rate then work out the amount of chemical to add to the tank.
For example, 2000 L tank, 3 Uha chemical rate
Actual application rate = 1000 Uha
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NZS 8409:2004
The amount of r-u - t . /u * * i i ■ * ■
. , , . . Chemical rate/ha x total volume in tank
chemical to add =
Application rate
3 L/ha X 2000 L
1000
= 6 litres to add.
NOTE-
(1 ) Total volume includes the chemical, i.e. add the required chemical, and make up the volume to 2000 litres.
(2) Volume application rates can be adjusted on the basis of gross canopy dimensions, using the height
stratified tree-row-volume method (HS-TRV). Consult an accredited calibration specialist to assist if
necessary.
Q2.3.3 Other agrichemical application equipment
Accurate calibration is also necessary for other specialist agrichemical application equipment such
as foggers, weedameters, lawnboys and forestry spot guns. Refer to the manufacturer's
instructions for the calibration procedure. The relationship between width (or volume), speed and
volume rate remains the same. Other equipment can be calibrated using those principles and the
Code calibration FORMULA A.
Agrichemical rates for use in wiping equipment are based on water volume e.g. 1 part agrichemical
to 2 parts clean water. The wiping surface should always be damp with product during application.
The chemical mix should not drip from the wiping surface.
Q2.3.4 Aircraft mounted equipment
The calibration procedure for agrichemical application equipment mounted on fixed wing or rotary
wing aircraft is very similar to that used for boom sprayers.
Calculate as follows:
(a) (W) The effective width of spray, or "track spacing" for successive passes of an aircraft should
be based on achieving even spray distribution and coverage as described in (b).
To establish effective spray or "swath width", spray water at normal speed, height and flow rate
centrally over a line of water sensitive papers placed at 1 m intervals across approximately twice
the expected swath width, or spray a dye/water mix over a smooth white surface of approximately
twice the spray width.
(b) (S) Airspeed is normally measured in knots. To convert knots to km/h, multiply by 1.852.
e.g. km/h = 80 knots x 1 .852 = 1 48 km/h.
True ground speed can be assessed with the aid of 2 persons on the ground, as follows:
Measure a distance of 500 m, place a marker person at each end, one at the start with a flag, the
other at the finish with a stopwatch.
Fly the 500 m distance at normal spraying speed and height.
The first marker drops a flag as the aircraft passes overhead. At the same time the second starts
a stopwatch. The stopwatch should be stopped when the aircraft passes over the second marker.
Use FORMULA B to calculate ground speed S.
For example:
o „ /.v Distance (500 m) x 3.6 500 x 3.6 ,^^, ,.
S (km/h - -— „ V^^ — ttt;^ r = tt; — = ^ 50 km/h
^ ^ Time to fly 500m (12 sec) 1 2
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NZS 8409:2004
(c) (V) Decide on a volume application rate based on the product to use and required target
coverage, e.g. 40 Uha for herbicide application. The required total flow rate from all nozzles is:
For example: ^ 40 L/ha x 12 m x 150 km/h ^ i20L7min
^ ^ 600
where 12 m = track spacing
Divide the required total flow rate by the number of nozzles on the boom to find required nozzle flow
rate.
For example: Nozzle flow rate = = 3 Umin/nozzle
40 nozzles
Select nozzle type to achieve this using the manufacturer's nozzle flow chart.
For example: Spraying Systems 8008 nozzle gives 3.22 Umin at 3 bar pressure (43 psi).
Check individual nozzle flows where possible and replace nozzles which vary by more than +5 %
from average nozzle flow rate.
Adjust pressure to achieve nozzle flow rate of 3 Umin using collection method to measure nozzle
flow (where possible). As a final system check, or where a windmill pump is used to deliver spray
to the boom, use the "top-up" method to measure total nozzle flow (volume rate). Fill the spray tank
to an identified level, spray for 30 seconds and accurately measure the amount of water required
to refill the tank to the original level.
,- , ,, , + /I / - \ L used (73) in 30 sec
For example: Volume rate (L / mm) = ^ ;^ /, .
146 Umin
The actual application rate based on 146 Umin instead of 120 Umin can be found by applying
FORMULA A.
AR (litre/ha) = ^S~^ = 49 Uha
^ ^ 1 50 X 1 2
Use the actual application rate (49 Uha) to work out how much chemical to add to the tank, e.g.
550 L tank, desired chemical rate = 3 Uha.
For example: Amount of chemical ^,_ - , . ., , .
, . . Chemical rate/ha x total volume in tank
to add = T — - — 7
Application rate
NOTE - Total volume includes the chemical, i.e. add the required 33.7 litres of chemical to a partly full tank,
and make the volume up to 550 litres.
Q3 Application Equipment for Registered Veterinary Medicines
(Animal Remedies)
Q3,1 Introduction
It is important to administer veterinary medicines accurately at the required dosage to avoid
excessive chemical residues in animal products from overdosing, or repeat treatments and
resistance to agrichemicals where under dosing occurs. Calibration of equipment is required for
safe and responsible use of veterinary medicines. Read the product label and observe prescribed
withholding periods.
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NZS 8409:2004
Q3,2 Application of anthelmintics by drenching or pour-on
Application or dose rate is determined by animal live weight e.g. 20 ml per 1 00 kg live weight.
Read the label to decide on the dose rate.
For most efficient use of anthelmintics, dosage should be adjusted to the live weight of individual
animals. Where the average live weight of a group of animals is known, and adjusting each
individual dosage is not practicable, then choose the dose rate on the basis of the heaviest animals
in the group. It may be necessary to split the mob or herd into weight ranges. (Read the label).
Calibrate the dosing device as follows:
(a) Set required dose on the device e.g. 20 ml;
(b) Carefully add 10 doses of the product intended for use to an accurately calibrated jug or
measuring cylinder;
(c) Divide the amount collected by 10 to establish the actual dose delivered
e.g. 190 ml /10 = 19 ml per dose;
(d) Adjust dosing device and retest to attain correct dose rate.
Ensure that the device fully recharges with product after each delivery. Clean the dosing device
after use to maintain accuracy. Check the calibration of the device is consistent with the amount
of use i.e. whenever a product or dose rate is changed or after a period of use (e.g. 100 lambs).
Q3.3 Application of ectoparasitlcides (Dip)
Q3.3.1 Calibration of dipping baths, sumps, and supply tanks
Q3-3.1.1 Application rates
The recommended application rate of ectoparasitlcides (dips) is based on water volume.
For example, 500 ml of agrichemical per 1 000 litres of water, so the volume of dip wash tanks must
therefore be known. Maintaining the application rate is central to achieving good control of
ectoparasites.
Sheep should be "clean and empty" before dipping to avoid contamination of the dip wash. This
may require dagging orcrutching and penning overnight.
NOTE - Applying the correct dose to every animal in the correct manner should be the major concern.
Throughput is of secondary concern.
Q3.3.1.2 Calibration
All dipping baths, sumps and supply tanks need to be calibrated accurately to achieve dip wash of
the required concentration.
Q3,3,1 .3 Calculation of volume - regular shapes
For simple, square or round shapes the dimensions can be measured and volumes calculated,
although it may be difficult to establish intermediate levels, especially with irregular shapes.
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NZS 8409:2004
Q3.3.1 .4 Calculation of volume - irregular shapes
For irregularly shaped baths, fill a 200 litre drum repeatedly and empty it into the dipping bath
counting the number of drum fills required to fill the dipping bath. This number x 200 equals the
working volume in litres. Although this is laborious, it is a very accurate method if done
conscientiously. Alternatively, a flow meter may be used if available. If a pump with a constant flow
is available, measure the time it takes to fill a 200 litre drum. Then measure the time taken to fill
the dipping bath using the same pump and flow rate. Then:
For example, volume of dipping bath = Time to fill dipping bath ^ ^oo = litres
Time to fill a 200 litre drum
37.5 minutes ^ ^00 = 3000 litres
2.5 minutes
Mark the volume of wash in the bath at various levels (200 or 500 litre steps as convenient) on
2 dip sticks. One stick should be in use during dipping and the other stored as a spare.
Q3.3.1.5 Replenishment
During dipping, sheep retain some of the dip wash in theirfleece, reducing wash volume. Chemical
is also "stripped" out of the dip wash reducing wash strength. Therefore replenishment of dip wash
is required continuously or periodically consistent with use. Replenishment is usually carried out
with the added dip wash concentration the same as the initial concentration, unless the ectoparasiticide
is particularly susceptible to stripping, in which case replenishment concentration, may be higher
than initial concentration. Refer to label instructions.
Q3.3.1,6 Dipping out
Towards the end of the day some farmers add chemical only to the dip wash without adding water
(reinforcement) to extend the use of the dip wash. This practice is not recommended, as there is
a real risk of not achieving adequate control on tail end sheep that puts the whole flock at risk. The
risk of lost production and income and the possibility of being fined for having infested sheep
outweighs the savings in chemicals. If this practice is used, follow the manufacturers' instructions.
Q3.3.1.7 Dip wash replacement
No more than one sheep per 2 litres of dip wash initially prepared should be dipped. Clean out the
sump / dip bath at each dip wash replacement. The quality of the dip wash for the first sheep should
equal the quality of the dip wash for the last sheep.
For example, dip bath capacity = 3000 litres. Replace dip wash after 1500 sheep have been
through; or, for a constant replenishment shower, empty and clean out a 500 litre sump after every
250 sheep.
Q3.3.1.8 Bacteriostat
Use a bacteriostat if keeping unused dip wash overnight. Used wash should be discarded at the
end of each day's dipping.
Q3,3.1 .9 Mixing
With both shower and plunge dips, pre-mix the dip in a bucket and use a paddle to ensure it is evenly
distributed. In large plunge dips (1 0,000 litres or more) use 20 to 30 "stirrer" sheep to swim through
the bath initially, and re dip these sheep later.
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Q3.3,2 Saturation methods
Q3.3,2.1 Plunge dip
Sheep are totally immersed in a plunge dip so fleeces become fully saturated with dip wash. Plunge
dips are made in various shapes and sizes e.g. long swim, ring or pot dips with varying capacities
(e.g. 3000 -13,000 litres).
Prepare the initial dip wash at the recommended concentration as stated on the LABEL of the dip
concentrate container after determining the capacity of the dipping bath.
For example:
Plunge dip bath capacity - 6000 litres
Required concentration - 500 ml (0.5 litres) dip concentrate / 1 000 litres
To determine the quantity of dip concentrate to add to the dip bath for the initial charge, find the dip/
water ratio and multiply by dip bath volume i.e.
0.5 litres x 6000 litres ^ 3 jj^^^g ^. concentrate for the initial charge
1 000 litres
Plunge dip design and sheep flow need to allow a swim time in excess of 30 seconds and for sheep
to be fully immersed twice (swim length of 1 2 metres or keep sheep in the dip wash). Sheep should
be forced to swim as this aids penetration of the dip wash into the fleece.
The methods of plunge dip replenishment are:
(a) Standard replenishment. With fresh dip regularly check the level in the dip bath and replenish
it before it falls by a fifth of the capacity (determine volume remaining with sheep removed). Use
a calibrated dipstick for this.
For example, for a plunge bath capacity of 6000 litres: replenish when volume drops by 1200
litres (6000 divided by 5).
Where the LABEL recommendation for standard replenishment is 500 ml/1 000 litres added, fill
dip bath with:
Dip concentrate required = Dip / water ratio x water volume
0.5 litres X 1200
1000 litres
= 0.6 litres (600 ml) in 1200 litres water.
(b) Constant replenishment. Fresh wash is continuously supplied to the dip bath and replaces the
wash removed by sheep. Flow should always be running from the supply tank to the dip bath.
To mix the required concentration in the supply tank(s):
For example, for a supply tank capacity of 2000 litres: replenishment concentration is
500 ml/ 1000 litres.
Dip concentrate required = Dip / water ratio x water volume
0.5 litres x 2000 litres
1 000 litres
1 litre concentrate.
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Q3.3.2,2 Shower dip
Each animal is exposed to 30-50 litres of dip wash at low pressure (1 -1 .5 bar) from rotating nozzles
overhead and fixed nozzles underneath in an enclosed pen. Nozzle booms should rotate at eight
revolutions per minute. Top nozzles should remain on throughout the whole showering period;
bottom nozzles may be on for only half this period. Ensure all nozzles remain open during the
operation.
Fit a pressure gauge that the operator can see, i.e. on the dip wash delivery pipe close to the
nozzles. Once the volume rates are set and known, ensure that the system pressure remains
constant. Constant pressure indicates constant delivery of dip wash.
Operate the shower, check for leaks, blocked nozzles, and adequate operation of pump (slipping
belts, clean filters) and pressure gauge.
After determining the capacity of the sump and the supply tank (500-4000 litres), prepare the initial
charge of dip wash as described for a plunge dip (see Q3.3.2.1).
Sump capacity - 2000 litres
For example:
Required concentration - 1 litre dip concentrate/1000 litres
Dip concentrate for initial charge = Dip / water ratio x water volume
— ^-^ — X 2000 litres = 2 litre dip concentrate
1000 litres
Load sheep into the unit at about the density they would be in a woolshed at night (they should be
just able to mill around).
The methods of shower dip replenishment are:
(a) Standard replenishment
As for plunge dip.
For a sump capacity of 1 500 litres replenish when the level drops by 300 litres (1 500 divided by
5).
The concentration of the dip wash should be as recommended by the manufacturer for
replenishment of shower dips. A LABEL recommendation for replenishment is 1 000 ml/1 000
litres.
For example:
Dip concentrate required = Dip / water ratio x water volume
1 litre X 300 = 0.3 litres (300 ml) dip concentrate
1 000 litres and 300 litres water.
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(b) Constant replenishment
As for plunge dip.
Supply tank capacity = 1 000 litres
For example:
Replenishment concentration = 1000 ml / 1000 litres
Dip concentrate required = Dip / water ratio x water volume
1 litre X 1 000 litres
1000 litres
= 1 litre concentrate.
Q3.3.2.3 Assessment
Examine sheep one minute after dipping to assess penetration of dip wash into the fleece in hard
to wet sites. This can be checked using an "indelible" pencil, or a water activated pen. If the fleece
is not saturated to skin level then the time sheep are in contact with the dip wash should be
increased.
Q3,3.3 Non-saturation methods
Q3.3.3.1 Tip spraying and jetting
These methods may not give the protection achievable with saturation dipping. They are most
effective when used for sheep "off the shears" for short term control of lice, keds and blowflies.
Pressure is generally higher than for shower systems (2-8 bar). High flow rates are needed because
of the brief exposure time.
Dilution rates depend on output of the spray system, which can range from 18 to 300 L/min, and
the rate of sheep throughput, so it is important to achieve appropriate dilution as per the label of the
formulation.
Pressure gauges visible to the operator should be fitted to the system.
There are many non-saturation methods of applying ectoparasiticides. In ALL CASES, refer to the
label recommendations and the equipment manufacturers' instructions for more detail. Guidelines
for some methods are:
(a) Jetting. This involves the application of relatively high concentrations at high pressure (5 bar)
and low volume (5 L/min) of dip wash to flysthke areas of the animal (along the midline of the
back in three sweeps to the hind legs, and to the crutch and genital areas);
(b) Hand jetting. A 3-6 nozzle gun is combed through the fleece. Flow rates range from 5 to
10 L/min. Dip wash should be applied at a rate 1 to 5 litres per animal at sufficient pressure to
achieve saturation to skin level;
(c) Automatic jetting races. These are similar to shower dips but operate at higher pressure and
flow rates (4 bar, 140 L/min) as sheep spend less time in contact with the dip wash. Apply
2-8 litres dip wash per head.
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Q3.3.3.2 Pour-ons backline treatments
Check compatibility of the delivery system including delivery tubes, gun barrel, gun washers and
valves as solvents used in some formulations may damage some plastics. Choose a dose rate on
the basis of the heaviest animals in the group. Read the label. Check the calibration of guns in the
same manner as for an anthelmintic dosing device.
Q3.4 Application by injection
A careful injection technique is required to prevent personal injury by accidental self-injection and
prevent damage to and subsequent downgrading of carcasses, pelts or hides.
Q3.4.1 General
The following apply:
(a) Adequate restraint of animals is required e.g. in races or head crushes, to allow injection at the
recommended site and by the recommended route, and to prevent personal injury;
(b) The recommended site of injection in food-producing animals is virtually always high on the
neck, in an area which is readily trimmed at slaughter. However, injection in this area,
particularly with cattle increases the risk to the operator so some compromise might be needed
by using less favoured alternative sites;
(c) Injection of vaccines, antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals is either by the subcutaneous
(under the skin) or the intramuscular (into the muscle) routes. Some anthelmintics can be
injected directly through the abdominal wall into the rumen (fore stomach);
(d) Regardless of the site or route of injection, always Inject in an area of skin which is clean and
dry. If there is any doubt about the cleanliness of the chosen site, swab well with methylated
spirits.
Q3.4.2 Vaccination
Most vaccines are administered by subcutaneous injection usually in the upper part of the neck.
Needles must be clean and sharp to prevent abscesses. Syringes and vaccination guns must be
reliable and accurate, and be regularly cleaned and sterilized.
Preparation. Before use, sterilize vaccinators and needles (e.g. for some equipment, boiling in
water for 10 minutes will achieve this). Once the seals on needle packs are broken, the needles
should be stored in methylated spirits before use.
Vaccination technique (subcutaneous). Ensure that the vaccinator is functioning properly and set
to the correct dose (read the label). If unsure, get advice from a veterinarian on proper injection
technique and suitable injection sites.
Q4 Application Equipment for Fumigants
Application procedures and equipment are described in the Approved Code of Practice for the
Control of Fumigants, which is available from the Pest Management Association of New Zealand
(info@bsc.org.nz).
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APPENDIX R
Handling and Mixing Agrichemicals
(Informative)
R1 Introduction
Before opening any agrichemical container, read the mixing instructions on the label.
Extreme care is required when opening agrichemical containers containing concentrates, decanting
or adding concentrates into measuring equipment or spray tanks, and mixing. Concentrates have
a greater potential toxicity than diluted spray mixture, so wear the correct protective equipment.
Protection against splashes on the skin and in the eyes, and inhalation of fumes or dust is essential.
R2 Mixing Sites
Vulnerability of ground water to contamination is a key factor to consider in choosing mixing sites
for agrichemicals (see Appendix F2 and F4). The important features of any mixing site are:
(a) Sufficient isolation from plants and animals to prevent damage from vapour or dust;
(b) Good ventilation and lighting;
(c) Sufficient distance away from any drain, well or water body to prevent contamination occurring;
(d) Uncluttered, and free from interference;
(e) Well supplied with clean water for mixing and washing. If any water is drawn from a fresh water
source for this make sure there is no contamination of that source by back siphoning by using
a backflow preventer (one way valve) or similar;
(f) Provided with suitable emergency clean-up kit to hand (e.g. a supply of a suitable absorbent
material such as vermiculite). If there is a spill it must be contained immediately. Ideally the site
should have an impervious surface to avoid soil contamination. If working from a temporary
mixing site, have a shovel on hand to form emergency bunding with soil.
NOTE-
(1 ) Only open and mix the amount of chemical required for each job.
(2) Prevent accidental spillage by immediately replacing lids and bungs on partly used containers.
(3) Attend to any spillages immediately - remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly.
(4) Keep accurate records of prepared and used agrichemicals, i.e. date, quantities, weather conditions etc.
(5) On completion of application, there may be a considerable quantity of mix left in pumping equipment and
hoses, particularly with aircraft. Sufficient clean water should be pumped through to flush this residue out
of the application equipment, to ensure that any spillage of chemical onto the loading area during
dismantling of the equipment is minimized. Contaminated washings should be disposed of by approved
methods (refer to section 6).
(6) Check relevant district and regional plans for any specific mixing site requirements.
R3 Mixing Procedures
The basic points for mixing agrichemicals are:
(a) Wear the appropriate PPE;
(b) Open paper containers with a sharp knife or scissors - don't tear open;
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(c) When pouring from a container, keep the container at or below eye level, and be careful of
splashes, spills or dust. Use a calibrated measuring jug. (Use protective glasses);
(d) Shake any suspended formulations well before dispensing the required amount;
(e) Invert large containers to ensure adequate mixing where containers are too large to shake
effectively.
When adding the measured amounts of agrichemicals to a spray tank:
(a) Check the label for special procedures;
(b) Ensure water is of acceptable quality;
(c) Fill the tank with about half the volume of water required;
(d) Start tank agitation;
(e) Add any insoluble materials - wettable powders, granules, then suspensions;
(f) Add soluble materials;
(g) Add emulsions;
(h) Add any adjuvants or oils;
(i) Top up tank to required level with water;
(j) Add any chemicals that cause foaming when the tank is nearly full.
NOTE - If there are no label instructions on compatibility of agrichemicals to be mixed, see Appendix R4.
R4 Chemical Compatibility
Mixing different chemicals in the spray tank before application may cause problems due to
incompatibility of the chemicals. Users should:
(a) Comply with the manufacturer's recommendations regarding the mixing of 2 or more
agrichemicals, for simultaneous use or application. Charts giving agrichemical compatibility are
available;
(b) Use mixtures of 2 or more agrichemicals immediately after mixing, and do not store mixtures for
later use;
(c) Keep any mixtures of agrichemicals simple. Mixtures not approved by the manufacturer can
void the manufacturer's warranty. The absence of label Information advising incompatibility
should not be taken as meaning the agrichemical is compatible with other ingredients in a
mixture. In the absence of other information, tests should be performed to check physical and
biological compatibility;
(d) Field tests for physical compatibility. The mixing of incompatible agrichemicals may result in
undesirable changes to the physical and chemical properties of the components of the mix. This
could result in excessive crop damage, ineffective pest control, blockages in application
equipment or an increased hazard to the user, as well as monetary loss.
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If unsure about physical compatibility, the mixture can be tested as follows:
(e) Make up a 250 ml sample of the agrichemicai mixture as intended for use, according to the
manufacturer's instructions;
(f) Place the sample in a clear glass bottle;
(g) Invert the bottle 100 times;
(h) Let the bottle stand for half an hour and then examine to see if any changes have taken place;
(i) Check for physical changes or the inability to get the chemicals back into solution or suspension;
these indicate that the components are incompatible (e.g. colour changes, heat/gas generation).
NOTE-
(1) Various brands of the same agrichemicai may react differently because of different additives in their
formulation.
(2) Any mixture of agrichemicals not approved by the manufacturer voids the manufacturer's warranty. If in
doubt, check with the manufacturer or supplier. The product of chemical mixtures may be potentially more
hazardous than the components.
R5 Equipment Decontamination
R5.1 Cleaning and decontamination
Two terms are used in this Standard - cleaning and decontamination.
(a) Cleaning means rinsing thoroughly (usually with water) to remove or dilute any remaining
agrichemicai;
(b) Decontamination is a specific procedure to remove or neutralize any remaining agrichemicai.
All application equipment should be cleaned regularly and at least at the completion of each day's
work. The principle is, don't store application equipment, including protective equipment unless it
has been cleaned. The easiest way to reduce the hazards from contaminated equipment is to dilute
agrichemicals with large volumes of water, being careful to dispose of the washings in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this Standard (refer to Appendix S) . The key point is that at the
end of the job, the machine is cleaned (i.e. rinsed) with the diluted mixture which is then applied to
the work area.
Decontamination may be necessary whenever a change of agrichemicai mix occurs. Decontamination
should preferably be carried out on a concrete pad that is correctly drained and enables proper
disposal of chemical wastes. If decontamination has to be carried out in the field a safe area should
be selected which cannot be grazed by stock and cannot contaminate waterways, ground water,
other crop sites or residential areas.
R5.2 Chemical type
Many agrichemicals are subject to degradation in the presence of an alkaline (most common) or
acid medium. Decontamination requirements vary with chemical types, the recommendations in
table R1 are however presented as guidelines. If in doubt, or if further information is required,
manufacturers should be consulted.
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Table R1 - Decontamination agents and use rates for application equipment
Product used(^)
Quantity of agent per
100 litres of water
Instruction
Phenoxy herbicides, salt or
amine formulations (2,4-D
dicamba, MCPA, etc.) (2)
1 litre household ammonia or
500 g alkaline detergent
or
500 g washing soda
or
1 kg trisodium phosphate
or
250 g fine activated charcoal
and 250 g powder detergent (3)
flush through sprayer
Thoroughly agitate, flush small
amount through systems, and
let remainder stand in sprayer
overnight. Flush and rinseW.
Same as above except let stand
for at least 2 hours.
Same as above except let stand
for at least 2 hours.
Agitate, operate sprayer for
2 minutes, let remainder stand
for 10 minutes, then rinse.
Phenoxy herbicides, ester
formulations (2,4-D esters,
MCPA, etc.) (2)
500 g washing soda + 4 litres
kerosene + 125 g powder
detergent (3)
Rinse inside of tank and flush
small amount through system.
Let stand at least 2 hours. Flush
and rinse.
Sulphonyl ureas
(chlorsulfuron, trlbenuron
methyl, metsulfuron etc.)
1 litre chlorine bleach (3 %
sodium hypochlorite) per
100 L water
Flush through with agitation,
drain and repeat. Rinse with
clean water.
Other herbicides
(atrazine, glyphosate,
simazine etc.)
125 g powder detergent (3)
Rinse with clean water before
and after using soap or other
detergent.
Insecticides (5) and/or
fungicides
1 25 g powder detergent (3)
Agitate, flush and rinse.
NOTE-
(1) Some proprietary products are available for decontamination, e.g. Agpro Spray Decontaminator
(Agri Kleen) and Headland Tanksafe (Sabre).
(2) Caution. Since only a trace of some herbicides such as 2,4-D, sulphonyl ureas or picloram can
damage plants, it may be risky to use an insecticide or fungicide in a sprayer that has been used to
spray such herbicides. Separate sprayers are good insurance against plant damage.
(3) Liquid detergent or surfactant may be substituted for powder detergent; mix at a rate to make a sudsy
solution.
(4) Do not mix the concentrate ammonia with detergents, washing soda or trlsodium phosphate.
(5) Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides may be detoxified by adding household 880 aqueous
ammonia (e.g. Scrubbs Cloudy Ammonia) to the cleaning solution (1 litre per 1 00 litres or 1 00 ml per
10 litres).
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APPENDIX S
Disposal of Agrichemicals and Containers
(Normative)
51 Introduction
Check the warning and precaution section of the product label for information on safe disposal
regimes for the aghchemical and container. In the absence of specific label instructions, the
following procedures provide guidance. Disposal of agrichemicals and their empty containers is
controlled by the Hazardous Substances (Disposal) Regulations. There may also be local authority
requirements under the Resource Management Act, and local authorities may have requirements
relating to the disposal of both agrichemicals and containers.
52 Disposal of Unwanted Agrichemicals
Users should consider the following options, in the order listed for the disposal of unwanted
concentrates:
(a) Alternate uses - All users should investigate other legal uses of agrichemical concentrates.
Checking the label claims can help identify alternate uses;
(b) Return to the manufacturer - All users should investigate the feasibility of returning the
agrichemical to the reseller or manufacturer. Unwanted veterinary medicines should be
returned to the reseller (over the counter medicines) or the veterinarian responsible for
prescribing them;
(c) Local body collections - Some local authorities operate unwanted agrichemical collections.
Check with the local authority to see if this is an option;
(d) Landfills - Landfill disposal may be an option for some low toxicity, low hazard agrichemicals.
Check with the local authority regarding options available with local landfills;
(e) Commercial waste disposal - Where none of the above options is available, then disposal
through a recognized, specialist hazardous materials disposal company will ensure safe
disposal. Always ask if the company is licensed to handle the particular unwanted material.
NOTE - New methods of disposal of unwanted dilute agrichemical mixtures, sprayer tank washings and filler
pad sump waste are being investigated currently. These findings will be made available to users as soon as
practically possible (see www.growsafe.co.nz).
Under the HSNO regulations most agrichemicals are either Class 6 (toxic) or Class 9 (ecotoxic).
The Hazardous Substances (Tracking) Regulations may apply for some agrichemicals (check
product information). In this case the user shall record information on the identity of the substance,
the total amount that is to be disposed of, the manner and date of disposal and location of the
disposal site.
S2.1 HSNO Class 6 agrichemical substances (toxic substances)
These must be disposed of by:
(a) Treating the agrichemical using a method that changes the characteristics of composition of the
substance so that the substance is no longer hazardous; or
(b) Discharging the agrichemical into the environment so that after reasonable mixing, the
concentration of the agrichemical in an environmental medium does not exceed any tolerable
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exposure limit set by ERMA in accordance with the Hazardous Substances (Classes 6, 8
and 9 Controls) Regulations; or
(c) Exporting the agrichemical from New Zealand as waste.
NOTE-
(1 ) A Class 6 (agrichemical) substance may be discharged into the environment without complying with (b)
if the substance is rapidly degradable and the products are not hazardous.
(2) Treating the agrichemical includes deposition in a landfill, incinerator, or sewage facility if the landfill,
incinerator or sewage facility will treat the agrichemical by changing the characteristics or composition of
the agrichemical so that it is no longer hazardous; but does not include dilution of the agrichemical with
any other substance before discharge into the environment.
S2.2 Class 9 agrichemical substances (ecotoxic substances)
These must be disposed of by:
(a) Treating the agrichemical using a method that changes the characteristics or composition of the
agrichemical so that it is no longer hazardous; or
(b) Discharging the agrichemical into the environment so that after reasonable mixing, the
concentration of the agrichemical in an environmental medium does not exceed any environmental
exposure limit set for the agrichemical in accordance with the Hazardous Substances (Classes
6, 8 and 9 Controls) Regulations; or
(c) Exporting the agrichemical from New Zealand as waste.
NOTE-
(1) Treating the agrichemical includes deposition in a landfill, incinerator, or sewage facility if the landfill,
incinerator or sewage facility will treat the agrichemical by changing the characteristics or composition so
that the agrichemical is no longer hazardous; but does not include dilution of the agrichemical with any
other substance before discharge into the environment.
(2) A Class 9.1 agrichemical that is or contains a component that is bioaccumulative and not rapidly
degradable must be treated before discharge in the environment to reduce the percentage by volume
of the substance in the discharge to 1 % or any lesser percentage that may be set by ERMA after
consideration of the ecotoxicity of the agrichemical and the extent to which it is bioaccumulative.
S3 Disposal of Surplus Spray Mix
S3.1 General
S3. 1.1 Target area
In all cases it is essential to prepare only sufficient spray mixture for the job on hand. If there is
surplus spray mix left over from a job, the preferred disposal method is to spray the mixture onto
the intended target. Even when the sprayer tank is empty, the application equipment may still
contain up to 10 litres or more of spray mixture. This shall be diluted with rinse water and the
washings sprayed onto the target area. Some sprayers are fitted with a tank rinsing system
designed to allow this. Remember the need to avoid exceeding any maximum residue limits (MRL)
set for the crop being sprayed.
S3-1.2 Store and use later
If it is not possible to dispose of surplus spray on the target area, for example if a mechanical
breakdown or weather halts the spraying operation, the surplus spray mixture must be disposed of
in a way that does not harm people, animals or the environment. One method is to transfer the
surplus to a suitable container or holding tank until the mixture can be applied to the target area,
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or other suitable waste areas where the mixture is applied at a rate not greater than that
recommended on the product label. Any such containers or tanks must be properly labelled so that
the contents can be identified. The date of storage and the dilution rate shall also be recorded. This
information is important where the contents are to be re-used . The characteristics and effectiveness
of some agrichemicals can change quite rapidly once diluted for application.
53.2 On-site disposal options for diluted spray mixtures
53.2.1 Spraying onto waste ground
Small amounts of diluted surplus spray mixture can be disposed of onto waste ground provided that:
(a) The effective application rate, in litres per hectare, is no greater than the recommended
application rate given on the product label;
(b) No run-off occurs and no spray mixture enters any surface water, including streams or ponds;
(c) No spray mixture enters ground water, field drains, septic tanks, or sewerage systems;
(d) Any withholding periods for livestock re-entry are observed.
NOTE -
(1) As a guide, 1000 litres or less of diluted spray mix is a small quantity.
(2) Waste ground is an area which is not used for the production of any food crop, or stock feed.
53.2.2 Treatment systems
Where disposal onto waste ground is not possible or where larger amounts are to be disposed of,
specially designed evaporation pits or biodegradation pits can be constructed. Consult the
appropriate local authority for details. Note that no discharge to surface or ground water is permitted
from such a system (unless the discharge can be shown to meet quality standards set by the local
authority concerned).
53.3 Decontamination systems
Commercial decontamination systems, based on chemically inducedf locculation to settle suspended
solids, followed by filtration through activated carbon to remove dissolved substances, may be an
option for some users. The process produces cleansed water which may be re-used or disposed
of in accordance with local authority requirements. The solid sludge together with spent carbon
cartridges can be disposed of by specialist hazardous waste disposal companies, or by disposal
in a sanitary landfill.
Local authorities, (i.e. regional or district councils) should be consulted for further advice.
S4 Postharvest Treatment and Stock Dip Effluent Disposal Methods
S4.1 Postharvest treatments
Guidelines for the disposal of stripped (used) and unwanted postharvest fungicide treatments
include:
(a) Before disposal dilute any stripped postharvest fungicide treatment to 10 % of the initial
concentration;
(b) Diluted postharvest fungicide treatments may be disposed of in specifically designed and
constructed treatment systems (see Appendix S3), or via irrigation or spraying onto land,
provided that no run-off to surface waterways or groundwater or any drinking water supply can
occur.
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S4.1 ,1 Stripped postharvest insecticide treatments
Under no circumstances shall stripped postharvest insecticide treatments be disposed of in
sewerage lines, rural drainage systems or soak pits. Special treatment of these wastes is required
and the regional or local authority shall be consulted.
54.2 Apple dump water
Wastewater from fruit handling systems using water dumping may be disposed of by methods
outlined in Appendix S4.1(b). In some cases, resource consents may be required to discharge
apple dump water into sewerage or other wastewater systems.
54.3 Stock dip effluent and footbath solution disposal
The user has the responsibility to ensure that dip baths, including footbath solutions, and any
ancillary equipment are sited well away from any drains, watercourses, wells or bores which might
become contaminated. Resource consents may be required under District or Regional Plans for
the discharge of stock dip effluents. Guidelines for the disposal of spent (stripped) dip wash and
footbath solution include:
(a) Storage of dip wash and footbath solution in a holding tank pending disposal by a specialist
contractor; or
(b) Spreading onto suitable land, at low application rates. As a guide, not more than 5,000 litres
of spent dip shall be applied per hectare;
(c) The land needs to be capable of absorbing the volume of liquid to be discharged without run-
off risk to wildlife, ground or surface waters. A minimum distance to water bodies of 50 metres
for any discharge is recommended;
(d) Land used for disposal shall not be producing food crops at the time of disposal;
(e) Do not let stock onto land that has been used as a disposal site for at least 28 days following
disposal.
S5 Disposal of Agrichemical Containers
S5.1 Return and recycle
Recycling or return of the container to the supplier is the first option to consider. In all cases the
container must be clean (see 85.1 .1) before it may be accepted for recycling or refilling.
S5.1.1 Container triple rinsing
Triple rinsing shall be used to render the containers non-hazardous waste. Triple rinsing of glass,
metal, plastic, and even some heavy paper containers effectively removes most remaining product
in the container.
To triple rinse:
(a) Drain the empty container for 30 seconds;
(b) Fill the container with water to about 20 % of capacity, replace the lid and shake the container
so that all interior surfaces are rinsed;
(c) Remove the cap and add the rinse liquid to the spray tank or dip wash. For drenches and ready-
to-use sheep dips, spread or spray the rinsate onto waste ground or pasture from which all
livestock have been excluded. In each case allow the container to drain for 30 seconds;
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(d) Repeat steps (b) and (c) twice more.
Drenchers and ready to use dips should also use this rinsing process to remove remaining product.
Periodic disassembly, cleaning and lubrication (according to the manufacturer's recommendations)
should also be undertaken for drench guns.
S5.2 Disposal requirements for packages and agrichemical containers
This clause applies to a package or container that held an agrichemical, was in direct contact with
an agrichemical, and is no longer to be used to contain an agrichemical.
The package or container shall:
(a) Be rendered incapable of containing any substance;
and shall be disposed of in:
(b) A manner that is consistent with the disposal of the agrichemical it contained and which takes
into account the material the package is manufactured from.
55.4 Public landfill disposal
Triple rinse any containers to be disposed of in a public sanitary landfill. Inform the site operator
that the drums have contained hazardous substances and warn that poisonous vapours may be
produced if the containers are burned. Remove lids or bungs from the containers and chop holes
in any containers of Class 6.1 A and B substances (Deadly Poisons) to prevent re-use. Containers
shall also be squashed to reduce the volume in landfills.
NOTE - Some landfills may not accept containers for disposal.
55.5 Private landfill disposal
If none of the preceding disposal means is available, containers may be disposed of in a private
landfill provided that landfill has resource consent from the relevant local authority, or is permitted
by a local authority. Ensure lids and bungs are removed, holes are chopped in any Deadly Poison
containers to prevent re-use, squash and ensure they are buried. Containers shall be buried in a
location where ground water will not percolate through the material.
55.6 Burning containers
(a) In some regions, open burning of plastic containers is a prohibited activity. Where the local air
quality plan permits burning, it may be subject to conditions. These may include:
(i) Use of an appropriately designed incinerator to ensure higher temperature combustion
(ii) Only plastic that does not contain halogens may be burnt (plastic that is non-chlorinated).
Most agrichemical containers are High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) which doesn't
contain halogens (see table S1)
(iii) The discharge to air shall not result in any offensive or objectionable odour or dust, or any
noxious levels of gases;
(b) The critical factors for effective and safe incineration that meet conditions such as those set out
above are temperatures and residence time (the time at the required temperature). Very high
temperatures (above 900 ^C) for a period of 1 -3 seconds would be acceptable. These conditions
would not be achieved by open burning. Information on incinerator design may be obtained from
AGCARM.
193
NZS 8409:2004
Table S1 - Plastics resins identification code
Type of plastic
Characteristics
Applications
a^
Polyethylene
Terephthalate
PET
Clear, tough, solvent resistant,
often used as a fibre
Carbonated soft drink bottles, pillow
and sleeping bag filling, textile
fibres
a^
High Density
Polyethylene
HDPE
Hard to senni-flexible, waxy
surface, opaque, melts at
135 refloats in water
Crinkly shopping bags, freezer bags,
milk bottles, bleach bottles, buckets,
rigid agricultural pipe, milk crates
a^
Unplasticized
Polyvinyl Chloride
UPVC
Hard, rigid, can be clear, can
be solvent welded
Electrical conduit, plumbing pipes
and fittings, blister packs, wall
cladding, roof sheeting, bottles
Plasticized
Polyvinyl Chloride
PPVC
Flexible, clear, elastic, can be
solvent welded
Garden hose, shoe soles, cable
sheathing, blood bags and tubing,
watch straps
e^
Low Density
Polyethylene
LDPE
Soft, flexible, waxy surface,
translucent, melts at 80 ^C,
scratches easily
Garbage bags, squeeze bottles,
black irrigation tube, black mulch film,
garbage bins
a
Polypropylene
PP
Hard but still flexible, waxy
surface, melts at 145 ^C,
translucent, withstands solvents.
Very versatile material with
many applications
Potato crisp bags, drinking straws,
microwave ware, plastic kettles,
plastic garden settings, baby baths,
plastic hinged lunch boxes
a
Polystyrene
PS
Clear, glassy, rigid, brittle,
opaque semi-tough, melts at
95 OC. Affected by fats and
solvents
Plastic cutlery, imitation "crystal"
glassware, low cost brittle toys, video
cases
Expanded
Polystyrene
EPS
Foamed, lightweight, energy
absorbing, heat insulating
Foamed polystyrene hot drink cups,
hamburger take-away clamshells,
foamed meat trays, protective
packaging for fragile items
a
Includes all other resins and nnuiti nnaterials (e.g. lanninates). Exannples are polyamide,
acrylontrite butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylic, nylon, polyurethane (PU) and phenotics.
For further infornnation contact: Plastics Environment and Advisory Council, PO Box 76-378,
Manukau City; iveds/Ye." www.plasticsnz.com
194
NZS 8409:2004
APPENDIX!
Internet Resources
(Informative)
The following websites and email addresses may be of assistance:
Agcarm - www.agcarm.co.nz
Animal Welfare and Advisory Committee -www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/animal-welfare/nawac/
Environmental Risk Management Authority - www.ermanz.govt.nz
Land Transport Safety Authority - www.ltsa.govt.nz
Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Codes of Recommendations and Minimum Standards for the
welfare of animals -www.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/animal-welfare/codes
Ministry for the Environment, HSNO - www.hsno.govt.nz
New Zealand Agrichemical Education Trust -www.growsafe.co.nz
New Zealand Chemical Industry Council - www.nzcic.org.nz
New Zealand Food Safety Authority, Maximum Residue Limits of Agricultural Compounds -
www.nzsfa.govt.nz/acvm/registers-lists/nz-mrl/index.htm
New Zealand Plant Protection Society -www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/nzpps/
Pest Management Association of New Zealand - info@bsc.org. nz
Plastics Environment and Advisory Council - www.plasticsnz.com
Spray Drift Task Force - www.agdrift.com
The Royal Society of New Zealand Code of Practice for the Use of Veterinary and Human Medicines
in Research, Testing and Teaching Organizations -www.rsnz.govt.nz/advisory/anzccart
University of California Cooperative Extension - www.are.berkeley.edu/APMP/
195
NZS 8409:2004
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